Ruby$B$NJ8K!(B
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aliasundefdefined?
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Ruby$B$N8=:_$N
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foobar ruby_is_simple
Ruby$B$N<1JL;R$O1QJ8;z$^$?$O%"%s%@!<%9%3%"(B('_')$B$+(B
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# this is a comment line
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=begin the everything between a line beginning with `=begin' and that with `=end' will be skipped by the interpreter. =end
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BEGIN class ensure nil self when END def false not super while alias defined for or then yield and do if redo true begin else in rescue undef break elsif module retry unless case end next return until
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print "hello world!\n"
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true (1+2)*3 foo() if test then ok else ng end
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`date`
%x{ date }
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$B@55,I=8=(B
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/^Ruby the OOPL/
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/my name is #{myname}/o
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- x
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POSIX$B%b!<%I!%2~9T$bDL>oJ8;z$H8+$J$9(B
Ruby$B$OF|K\8l2=$5$l$F$$$k$N$G!$>e5-$N%*%W%7%g%s$NB>$K(B
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"my name is #{$ruby}"
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$BJ8;zNs$NA0$N6uGrJ8;z(B($B%?%V$H%9%Z!<%9(B)$B$,
print <<EOF
The price is #{$Price}.
EOF
print <<"EOF" # $B>e$HF1$8(B
The price is #{$Price}.
EOF
print <<`EOC` # $B%3%^%s%I$r
$B?tCM%j%F%i%k(B
- 123
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Ruby$B$NJQ?t$HDj?t$N$N:G=i$N0lJ8;z$K$h$C$F!$%0%m!<(B
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@foobar
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foobar
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self
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true
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false
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__FILE__
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FOOBAR
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Foo::Bar
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%w(foo bar baz)
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foo.bar()
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bar()
print "hello world\n"
print
Class::new
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foo(*[1,2,3])
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foo(1,2,3)
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$B$S=P$9$3$H$,$G$-$^$;$s!%(B
super
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super
super(1,2,3)
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super
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foo = bar
foo[0] = bar
foo.bar = baz
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foo += 12
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foo, bar, baz = 1, 2, 3
foo, = list()
foo, *rest = list2()
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nil $B$,BeF~$5$l$^$9!%(B
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foo, bar = [1, 2] # foo = 1; bar = 2
foo, bar = 1, 2 # foo = 1; bar = 2
foo, bar = 1 # foo = 1; bar = nil
foo, bar, baz = 1, 2 # foo = 1; bar = 2; baz = nil
foo, bar = 1, 2, 3 # foo = 1; bar = 2
foo,*bar = 1, 2, 3 # foo = 1; bar = [2, 3]
$BB?=EBeF~$NCM$OG[Ns$KJQ49$5$l$?1&JU$G$9!%(B
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1+2*3/4
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$B<0$r$H$j$^$9!%(BRuby$B$K$O0J2<$K$"$2$k1i;;;R$,$"$j$^$9!%(B
high ::
[]
**
-(unary) +(unary) ! ~
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+ -
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> >= < <=
<=> == === != =~ !~
&&
||
.. ...
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not
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=, .., ..., !, not, &&, and, ||, or, ::
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Ruby$B$G$O(B(C$B$J$I$H$O0[$J$j(B)$B@)8f9=B$$O<0$G$"$C$F!$2?$i$+$NCM$r(B
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$B%6$,Dj5A$9$k;v$,=PMh$k$b$N$G$9(B.
if
$BNc(B:
if age >= 12 then
print "adult fee\n"
else
print "child fee\n"
end
gender = if foo.gender == "male" then "male" else "female" end
$BJ8K!(B:
if $B<0(B [then]
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end
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Ruby$B$G$O(Bif$B$r7R$2$k$N$K!$(Belsif$B$rMQ$$!$(Belse
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if$B=$>~;R(B
$BNc(B:
print "debug\n" if $debug
$BJ8K!(B:
$B<0(B if $B<0(B
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unless
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unless $baby
feed_meat
else
feed_milk
end
$BJ8K!(B:
unless $B<0(B [then]
$B<0(B...
[else
$B<0(B...]
end
unless$B$O>r7or7o$,(Bif
$B$HH?BP$G!$>r7o$,56$N;~$K
unless$B=$>~;R(B
$BNc(B:
print "stop\n" unless valid($passwd)
$BJ8K!(B:
$B<0(B unless $B<0(B
$B1&JU$N>r7o$,@.N)$7$J$$;~$K!$:8JU$N<0$rI>2A$7$^$9!%(B
case
$BNc(B:
case $age
when 0 .. 2
"baby"
when 3 .. 6
"little child"
when 7 .. 12
"child"
when 12 .. 18
# 12$B$O$9$G$K(B"child"$B$K%^%C%A$7$F$$$k(B
"youth"
else
"adult"
end
$BJ8K!(B:
case $B<0(B
[when $B<0(B [, $B<0(B]...[then]
$B<0(B..]..
[else
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end
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case $B<0(B0
when $B<0(B1, $B<0(B2
stmt1
when $B<0(B3, $B<0(B4
stmt2
else
stmt3
end
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_tmp = $B<0(B0
if $B<0(B1 === _tmp || $B<0(B2 === _tmp
stmt1
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stmt2
else
stmt3
end
and
$BNc(B:
test && set
test and set
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or
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demo || die
demo or die
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not
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! me
not me
i != you
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1 .. 20
/first/ ... /second/
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while
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while sunshine
work()
end
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while $B<0(B [do]
...
end
$B<0$rI>2A$7$?CM$,??$N4V!$K\BN$r7+$jJV$7$F
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sleep while idle
$BJ8K!(B:
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until
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until sunrise
sleep
end
$BJ8K!(B:
until $B<0(B [do]
...
end
$B<0$rI>2A$7$?CM$,??$K$J$k$^$G!$K\BN$r7+$jJV$7$F
until$B=$>~;R(B
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work until tired
$BJ8K!(B:
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[1,2,3].each do |i| print i*2, "\n" end
[1,2,3].each{|i| print i*2, "\n"}
$BJ8K!(B:
method_call do [`|' expr...`|'] expr...end
method_call `{' [`|' $B<0(B...`|'] $B<0(B...`}'
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$B8e$m$KIU$1$F%a%=%C%I$r8F$S=P$9$H!$$=$N%a%=%C%I$NFbIt$+$i%V%m%C(B
$B%/$rI>2A$G$-$^$9(B($B$*$=$i$/$OJ#?t2s(B)$B!%$3$N$h$&$J%V%m%C%/$r8F$S(B
$B=P$9%a%=%C%I$r%$%F%l!<%?$H8F$S$^$9!%%$%F%l!<%?$+$i$N%V%m%C%/(B
$B$N8F$S=P$7$O(Byield$B<0$rMQ$$(B
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$B$N4V$K$O$5$^$l$?JQ?t$KBeF~$5$l$^$9!%(B
{ ... }$B$NJ}$,(Bdo ... end$B%V%m%C%/$h$j$b7k9g6/EY$,(B
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foobar a, b do .. end # foobar $B$,%$%F%l!<%?$H$7$F8F$S=P$5$l$^$9(B
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$B%V%m%C%/$NCf$G=i$a$FBeF~$5$l$?(B($B@k8@$5$l$?(B)$B%m!<%+%kJQ?t$O$=$N(B
$B%V%m%C%/$NCf$G$@$1M-8z$G$9!%Nc$($P(B
foobar {
i = 20 # $B%m!<%+%kJQ?t(B `i' $B$,@k8@$5$l$?(B
...
}
print defined? i # `i' $B$O$3$3$G$OL$Dj5A(B
foobar a, b { .. } # $B%V%m%C%/FbIt$G$@$1M-8z(B
for
$BNc(B:
for i in [1, 2, 3]
print i*2, "\n"
end
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for lhs... in $B<0(B [do]
$B<0(B..
end
$B<0$rI>2A$7$?7k2L$N%*%V%8%'%/%H$N3FMWAG$KBP$7$FK\BN$r7+$jJV$7(B
$B$F
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$B!V$[$\!W$H$$$&$N$O!$(Bdo ... end$B$^$?$O(B{ }
$B$K$h$k%V%m%C%/$O?7$7$$%m!<%+%kJQ?t$NM-8zHO0O$rF3F~$9(B
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$B$r5Z$\$5$J$$E@$,0[$J$k$+$i$G$9!%(B
yield
$BNc(B:
yield data
$BJ8K!(B:
yield `(' [$B<0(B [`,' $B<0(B...]])
yield [$B<0(B [`,' $B<0(B...]]
$B0z?t$r%V%m%C%/$N0z?t$H$7$FBeF~$7$F!$%V%m%C%/$NI>2A(B($B$"$k$$$O(B
$B
raise
$BNc(B:
raise "you lose" # $BNc30(BRuntimeError$B$rH/@8$5$;$k(B
# $B0J2<$NFs$D$O(B SyntaxError $B$rH/@8$5$;$k(B
raise SyntaxError, "invalid syntax"
raise SyntaxError.new("invalid syntax")
raise # $B:G8e$NNc30$N:FH/@8(B
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raise raise message$B$^$?$O(Bexception raise error_type, message raise error_type, message, traceback
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$BBhFs$N7A<0$G$O!$0z?t$,J8;zNs$G$"$C$?>l9g!$$=$NJ8;zNs$r%a%C%;!<(B
$B%8$H$9$k(B RuntimeError $BNc30$rH/@8$5$;$^$9!%0z?t(B
$B$,Nc30$G$"$C$?>l9g$K$O$=$NNc30$rH/@8$5$;$^$9!%Bh;0$N7A<0$G$O(B
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$B$;$^$9!%Bh;M$N7A<0$NBh;00z?t$O(B
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caller$B$GF@$i$l$k(B
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raise $B$O(B Ruby $B$NM=Ls8l$G$O$J$/!$(B
Kernel $B%b%8%e!<%k$GDj5A$5$l$F$$$k4X?tE*%a%=%C%I$G$9!%(B
raise $B$K$O(B fail $B$H$$$&JLL>$bDj5A$5(B
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begin
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begin do_something rescue recover ensure must_to_do end
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begin$B$OK\BN$rI>2A$7!$:G8e$KI>2A$5$l$?<0$NCM$rJV(B
$B$7$^$9!%(B
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$B$($i$l$F$$$?>l9gNc30$rJaB*$G$-$^$9!%H/@8$7$?Nc30$H0lCW$9$k(B
rescue$B@a$,B8:_$9$k;~$K$O(Brescue$B@a$N(B
$BK\BN$,kind_of?
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StandardError$B$N%5%V%/%i%9$G$"$kA4$F$NNc30$rJaB*$7$^$9!%(B
Ruby$B$NAH$_9~$_Nc30$O(B
(SystemExit$B$d(BInterrupt$B$N$h$&$J(B
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StandardError$B$N%5%V%/%i%9$G$9!%(B
rescue$B$G$O(Berror_type$B$ODL>o$N0z?t$H(B
$BF1$8$h$&$KI>2A$5$l!$$=$N$$$:$l$+$,0lCW$9$l$PK\BN$,TypeError$B$,H/@8$7$^$9!%(B
begin$B$K$O>JN,2DG=$J(Belse$B@a$r;XDj$9(B
$B$k$3$H$,$G$-$F!$K\BN$N
ensure$B@a$,B8:_$9$k;~$O(Bbegin$B<0$r=*(B
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retry
$BNc(B:
retry
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retry
begin$B<0$N(Brescue$B@a$G;H$o$l$?>l9g!$(B
begin$B<0$r;O$a$+$i$b$&0lEY
begin do_something # exception raised rescue # handles error retry # restart from beginning end
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# $B%f!<%6Dj5A$N(B "until$B%k!<%W(B" def UNTIL(cond) yield retry if not cond end
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i=0 while i<3 print i, "\n" break end
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$BC&=P$9$k:nMQ$@$1$r;}$A!$(Bcase $B$rH4$1$k:nMQ$O;}$A(B
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next
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redo
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redo
$B%k!<%W>r7o$N%A%'%C%/$r9T$J$o$:!$8=:_$N7+$jJV$7$r$d$jD>$7$^$9!%(B
BEGIN
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BEGIN {
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BEGIN '{' $BJ8(B.. '}'
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END
$BNc(B:
END {
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$B!V8e;OKv!W%k!<%A%s$rEPO?$7$^$9!%(BEND$B%V%m%C%/$G;X(B
$BDj$7$?J8$O%$%s%?%W%j%?$,=*N;$9$k;~$KBEGIN$B%V%m%C%/$H$O0[(B
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class Foo < Super def test : end : end
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class $B<1JL;R(B [`<' superclass ] $B<0(B.. end
$BFC0[%/%i%9Dj5A(B
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class << obj def test : end : end
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class `<<' expr $B<0(B.. end
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$B%b%8%e!<%kDj5A(B
$BNc(B:
module Foo def test : end : end
$BJ8K!(B:
module $B<1JL;R(B $B<0(B.. end
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$BNc(B:
def fact(n) if n == 1 then 1 else n * fact(n-1) end end
$BJ8K!(B:
def $B%a%=%C%IL>(B [`(' [arg ['=' default]]...[`,' `*' arg ]`)']
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end
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foo def foo print "foo\n" end
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$B4|2=$5$l$^$9(B($B%G%U%)%k%H<0$NI>2A$O8F$S=P$7;~$K9T$o$l$^$9(B)$B!%:G(B
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private$B$H$7$FDj5A$5$l$^$9!%(B
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$BNc(B:
def foo.test print "this is foo\n" end
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alias
$BNc(B:
alias foo bar alias $MATCH $&
$BJ8K!(B:
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$B$r:FDj5A$9$k$HF0:n$K;Y>c$rMh$9>l9g$,$"$j$^$9!%(B
undef
$BNc(B:
undef bar
$BJ8K!(B:
undef $B%a%=%C%IL>(B
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undef$B$K$h$kDj5A
defined?
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$BJ8K!(B:
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