%% =====================================================================
%% Pretty printing of abstract Erlang syntax trees
%%
%% Copyright (C) 1997-2002 Richard Carlsson
%%
%% This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
%% it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public License as
%% published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the
%% License, or (at your option) any later version.
%%
%% This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but
%% WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
%% MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
%% Lesser General Public License for more details.
%%
%% You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
%% License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
%% Foundation, Inc., 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307
%% USA
%%
%% Author contact: richardc@csd.uu.se
%%
%% $Id: erl_prettypr.erl,v 1.50 2004/11/22 07:20:57 richardc Exp $
%%
%% =====================================================================
%%
%% @doc Pretty printing of abstract Erlang syntax trees.
%%
%% <p>This module is a front end to the pretty-printing library module
%% <code>prettypr</code>, for text formatting of abstract syntax trees
%% defined by the module <code>erl_syntax</code>.</p>

-module(erl_prettypr).

-export([format/1, format/2, best/1, best/2, layout/1, layout/2,
	 get_ctxt_precedence/1, set_ctxt_precedence/2,
	 get_ctxt_paperwidth/1, set_ctxt_paperwidth/2,
	 get_ctxt_linewidth/1, set_ctxt_linewidth/2, get_ctxt_hook/1,
	 set_ctxt_hook/2, get_ctxt_user/1, set_ctxt_user/2]).

-import(prettypr, [text/1, nest/2, above/2, beside/2, sep/1, par/1,
		   par/2, floating/3, floating/1, break/1, follow/2,
		   follow/3, empty/0]).

-import(erl_parse, [preop_prec/1, inop_prec/1, func_prec/0,
		    max_prec/0]).

-define(PADDING, 2).
-define(PAPER, 80).
-define(RIBBON, 56).
-define(NOUSER, undefined).
-define(NOHOOK, none).

-record(ctxt, {prec = 0,
	       sub_indent = 2,
	       break_indent = 4,
	       clause = undefined,
	       hook = ?NOHOOK,
	       paper = ?PAPER,
	       ribbon = ?RIBBON,
	       user = ?NOUSER}).


%% =====================================================================
%% The following functions examine and modify contexts:

%% @spec (context()) -> context()
%% @doc Returns the operator precedence field of the prettyprinter
%% context.
%%
%% @see set_ctxt_precedence/2

get_ctxt_precedence(Ctxt) ->
    Ctxt#ctxt.prec.

%% @spec (context(), integer()) -> context()
%%
%% @doc Updates the operator precedence field of the prettyprinter
%% context. See the <code>erl_parse</code> module for operator
%% precedences.
%%
%% @see erl_parse
%% @see get_ctxt_precedence/1

set_ctxt_precedence(Ctxt, Prec) ->
    set_prec(Ctxt, Prec).

set_prec(Ctxt, Prec) ->
    Ctxt#ctxt{prec = Prec}.    % used internally

reset_prec(Ctxt) ->
    set_prec(Ctxt, 0).    % used internally

%% @spec (context()) -> integer()
%% @doc Returns the paper widh field of the prettyprinter context.
%% @see set_ctxt_paperwidth/2

get_ctxt_paperwidth(Ctxt) ->
    Ctxt#ctxt.paper.

%% @spec (context(), integer()) -> context()
%%
%% @doc Updates the paper widh field of the prettyprinter context.
%%
%% <p> Note: changing this value (and passing the resulting context to a
%% continuation function) does not affect the normal formatting, but may
%% affect user-defined behaviour in hook functions.</p>
%%
%% @see get_ctxt_paperwidth/1

set_ctxt_paperwidth(Ctxt, W) ->
    Ctxt#ctxt{paper = W}.

%% @spec (context()) -> integer()
%% @doc Returns the line widh field of the prettyprinter context.
%% @see set_ctxt_linewidth/2

get_ctxt_linewidth(Ctxt) ->
    Ctxt#ctxt.ribbon.

%% @spec (context(), integer()) -> context()
%%
%% @doc Updates the line widh field of the prettyprinter context.
%%
%% <p> Note: changing this value (and passing the resulting context to a
%% continuation function) does not affect the normal formatting, but may
%% affect user-defined behaviour in hook functions.</p>
%%
%% @see get_ctxt_linewidth/1

set_ctxt_linewidth(Ctxt, W) ->
    Ctxt#ctxt{ribbon = W}.

%% @spec (context()) -> hook()
%% @doc Returns the hook function field of the prettyprinter context.
%% @see set_ctxt_hook/2

get_ctxt_hook(Ctxt) ->
    Ctxt#ctxt.hook.

%% @spec (context(), hook()) -> context()
%% @doc Updates the hook function field of the prettyprinter context.
%% @see get_ctxt_hook/1

set_ctxt_hook(Ctxt, Hook) ->
    Ctxt#ctxt{hook = Hook}.

%% @spec (context()) -> term()
%% @doc Returns the user data field of the prettyprinter context.
%% @see set_ctxt_user/2

get_ctxt_user(Ctxt) ->
    Ctxt#ctxt.user.

%% @spec (context(), term()) -> context()
%% @doc Updates the user data field of the prettyprinter context.
%% @see get_ctxt_user/1

set_ctxt_user(Ctxt, X) ->
    Ctxt#ctxt{user = X}.


%% =====================================================================
%% @spec format(Tree::syntaxTree()) -> string()
%% @equiv format(Tree, [])

format(Node) ->
    format(Node, []).


%% =====================================================================
%% @spec format(Tree::syntaxTree(), Options::[term()]) -> string()
%%           syntaxTree() = erl_syntax:syntaxTree()
%%
%% @type hook() = (syntaxTree(), context(), Continuation) -> document()
%%	    Continuation = (syntaxTree(), context()) -> document().
%%
%% A call-back function for user-controlled formatting. See <a
%% href="#format-2"><code>format/2</code></a>.
%%
%% @type context(). A representation of the current context of the
%% pretty-printer. Can be accessed in hook functions.
%%
%% @doc Prettyprint-formats an abstract Erlang syntax tree as text.
%%
%% <p>Available options:
%% <dl>
%%   <dt>{hook, none | <a href="#type-hook">hook()</a>}</dt>
%%       <dd>Unless the value is <code>none</code>, the given function
%%       is called for each node whose list of annotations is not empty;
%%       see below for details. The default value is
%%       <code>none</code>.</dd>
%%
%%   <dt>{paper, integer()}</dt>
%%       <dd>Specifies the preferred maximum number of characters on any
%%       line, including indentation. The default value is 80.</dd>
%%
%%   <dt>{ribbon, integer()}</dt>
%%       <dd>Specifies the preferred maximum number of characters on any
%%       line, not counting indentation. The default value is 65.</dd>
%%
%%   <dt>{user, term()}</dt>
%%       <dd>User-specific data for use in hook functions. The default
%%       value is <code>undefined</code>.</dd>
%% </dl></p>
%%
%% <p>A hook function (cf. the <a
%% href="#type-hook"><code>hook()</code></a> type) is passed the current
%% syntax tree node, the context, and a continuation. The context can be
%% examined and manipulated by functions such as
%% <code>get_ctxt_user/1</code> and <code>set_ctxt_user/2</code>. The
%% hook must return a "document" data structure (see
%% <code>layout/2</code> and <code>best/2</code>); this may be
%% constructed in part or in whole by applying the continuation
%% function. For example, the following is a trivial hook:
%% <pre>
%%     fun (Node, Ctxt, Cont) -> Cont(Node, Ctxt) end
%% </pre>
%% which yields the same result as if no hook was given.
%% The following, however:
%% <pre>
%%     fun (Node, Ctxt, Cont) ->
%%         Doc = Cont(Node, Ctxt),
%%         prettypr:beside(prettypr:text("&lt;b>"),
%%                         prettypr:beside(Doc,
%%                                         prettypr:text("&lt;/b>")))
%%     end
%% </pre>
%% will place the text of any annotated node (regardless of the
%% annotation data) between HTML "boldface begin" and "boldface end"
%% tags.</p>
%%
%% @see erl_syntax
%% @see format/1
%% @see layout/2
%% @see best/2
%% @see get_ctxt_user/1
%% @see set_ctxt_user/2

format(Node, Options) ->
    W = proplists:get_value(paper, Options, ?PAPER),
    L = proplists:get_value(ribbon, Options, ?RIBBON),
    prettypr:format(layout(Node, Options), W, L).


%% =====================================================================
%% @spec best(Tree::syntaxTree()) -> empty | document()
%% @equiv best(Tree, [])

best(Node) ->
    best(Node, []).


%% =====================================================================
%% @spec best(Tree::syntaxTree(), Options::[term()]) ->
%%           empty | document()
%%
%% @doc Creates a fixed "best" abstract layout for a syntax tree. This
%% is similar to the <code>layout/2</code> function, except that here,
%% the final layout has been selected with respect to the given options.
%% The atom <code>empty</code> is returned if no such layout could be
%% produced. For information on the options, see the
%% <code>format/2</code> function.
%%
%% @see best/1
%% @see layout/2
%% @see format/2
%% @see prettypr:best/2

best(Node, Options) ->
    W = proplists:get_value(paper, Options, ?PAPER),
    L = proplists:get_value(ribbon, Options, ?RIBBON),
    prettypr:best(layout(Node, Options), W, L).


%% =====================================================================
%% @spec layout(Tree::syntaxTree()) -> document()
%% @equiv layout(Tree, [])

layout(Node) ->
    layout(Node, []).


%% =====================================================================
%% @spec layout(Tree::syntaxTree(), Options::[term()]) -> document()
%%	    document() = prettypr:document()
%%
%% @doc Creates an abstract document layout for a syntax tree. The
%% result represents a set of possible layouts (cf. module
%% <code>prettypr</code>). For information on the options, see
%% <code>format/2</code>; note, however, that the <code>paper</code> and
%% <code>ribbon</code> options are ignored by this function.
%%
%% <p>This function provides a low-level interface to the pretty
%% printer, returning a flexible representation of possible layouts,
%% independent of the paper width eventually to be used for formatting.
%% This can be included as part of another document and/or further
%% processed directly by the functions in the <code>prettypr</code>
%% module, or used in a hook function (see <code>format/2</code> for
%% details).</p>
%%
%% @see prettypr
%% @see format/2
%% @see layout/1

layout(Node, Options) ->
    lay(Node,
	#ctxt{hook = proplists:get_value(hook, Options, ?NOHOOK),
	      paper = proplists:get_value(paper, Options, ?PAPER),
	      ribbon = proplists:get_value(ribbon, Options, ?RIBBON),
	      user = proplists:get_value(user, Options)}).

lay(Node, Ctxt) ->
    case erl_syntax:get_ann(Node) of
	[] ->
	    %% Hooks are not called if there are no annotations.
	    lay_1(Node, Ctxt);
	_As ->
	    case Ctxt#ctxt.hook of
		?NOHOOK ->
		    lay_1(Node, Ctxt);
		Hook ->
		    Hook(Node, Ctxt, fun lay_1/2)
	    end
    end.

%% This handles attached comments:

lay_1(Node, Ctxt) ->
    case erl_syntax:has_comments(Node) of
	true ->
	    D1 = lay_2(Node, Ctxt),
	    D2 = lay_postcomments(erl_syntax:get_postcomments(Node),
				  D1),
	    lay_precomments(erl_syntax:get_precomments(Node), D2);
	false ->
	    lay_2(Node, Ctxt)
    end.

%% For pre-comments, all padding is ignored.

lay_precomments([], D) ->
    D;
lay_precomments(Cs, D) ->
    above(floating(break(stack_comments(Cs, false)), -1, -1), D).

%% For postcomments, individual padding is added.

lay_postcomments([], D) ->
    D;
lay_postcomments(Cs, D) ->
    beside(D, floating(break(stack_comments(Cs, true)), 1, 0)).

%% Format (including padding, if `Pad' is `true', otherwise not)
%% and stack the listed comments above each other,

stack_comments([C | Cs], Pad) ->
    D = stack_comment_lines(erl_syntax:comment_text(C)),
    D1 = case Pad of
	     true ->
		 P = case erl_syntax:comment_padding(C) of
			 none ->
			     ?PADDING;
			 P1 ->
			     P1
		     end,
		 beside(text(spaces(P)), D);
	     false ->
		 D
	 end,
    case Cs of
	[] ->
	    D1;	   % done
	_ ->
	    above(D1, stack_comments(Cs, Pad))
    end;
stack_comments([], _) ->
    empty().

%% Stack lines of text above each other and prefix each string in
%% the list with a single `%' character.

stack_comment_lines([S | Ss]) ->
    D = text(add_comment_prefix(S)),
    case Ss of
	[] ->
	    D;
	_ ->
	    above(D, stack_comment_lines(Ss))
    end;
stack_comment_lines([]) ->
    empty().

add_comment_prefix(S) ->
    [$% | S].

%% This part ignores annotations and comments:

lay_2(Node, Ctxt) ->
    case erl_syntax:type(Node) of
	%% We list literals and other common cases first.
	
	variable ->
	    text(erl_syntax:variable_literal(Node));
	
	atom ->
	    text(erl_syntax:atom_literal(Node));
	
	integer ->
	    text(erl_syntax:integer_literal(Node));

	float ->
	    text(tidy_float(erl_syntax:float_literal(Node)));
	
	char ->
	    text(erl_syntax:char_literal(Node));
	
	string ->
	    lay_string(erl_syntax:string_literal(Node), Ctxt);

	nil ->
	    text("[]");

	tuple ->
	    Es = seq(erl_syntax:tuple_elements(Node),
		     floating(text(",")), reset_prec(Ctxt),
		     fun lay/2),
	    beside(floating(text("{")),
		   beside(par(Es),
			  floating(text("}"))));
	
	list ->
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    Node1 = erl_syntax:compact_list(Node),
	    D1 = par(seq(erl_syntax:list_prefix(Node1),
			 floating(text(",")), Ctxt1,
			 fun lay/2)),
	    D = case erl_syntax:list_suffix(Node1) of
		    none ->
			beside(D1, floating(text("]")));
		    S ->
			follow(D1,
			       beside(
				 floating(text("| ")),
				 beside(lay(S, Ctxt1),
					floating(text("]")))))
		end,
	    beside(floating(text("[")), D);

	operator ->
	    floating(text(erl_syntax:operator_literal(Node)));
	
	infix_expr ->
	    Operator = erl_syntax:infix_expr_operator(Node),
	    {PrecL, Prec, PrecR} =
		case erl_syntax:type(Operator) of
		    operator ->
			inop_prec(
			  erl_syntax:operator_name(Operator));
		    _ ->
			{0, 0, 0}
		end,
	    D1 = lay(erl_syntax:infix_expr_left(Node),
		     set_prec(Ctxt, PrecL)),
	    D2 = lay(Operator, reset_prec(Ctxt)),
	    D3 = lay(erl_syntax:infix_expr_right(Node),
		     set_prec(Ctxt, PrecR)),
	    D4 = par([D1, D2, D3], Ctxt#ctxt.sub_indent),
	    maybe_parentheses(D4, Prec, Ctxt);
	
	prefix_expr ->
	    Operator = erl_syntax:prefix_expr_operator(Node),
	    {{Prec, PrecR}, Name} =
		case erl_syntax:type(Operator) of
		    operator ->
			N = erl_syntax:operator_name(Operator),
			{preop_prec(N), N};
		    _ ->
			{{0, 0}, any}
		end,
	    D1 = lay(Operator, reset_prec(Ctxt)),
	    D2 = lay(erl_syntax:prefix_expr_argument(Node),
		     set_prec(Ctxt, PrecR)),
	    D3 = case Name of
		     '+' ->
			 beside(D1, D2);
		     '-' ->
			 beside(D1, D2);
		     _ ->
			 par([D1, D2], Ctxt#ctxt.sub_indent)
		 end,
	    maybe_parentheses(D3, Prec, Ctxt);
	
	application ->
	    {PrecL, Prec} = func_prec(),
	    D = lay(erl_syntax:application_operator(Node),
		    set_prec(Ctxt, PrecL)),
	    As = seq(erl_syntax:application_arguments(Node),
		     floating(text(",")), reset_prec(Ctxt),
		     fun lay/2),
	    D1 = beside(D, beside(text("("),
				  beside(par(As),
					 floating(text(")"))))),
	    maybe_parentheses(D1, Prec, Ctxt);
	
	match_expr ->
	    {PrecL, Prec, PrecR} = inop_prec('='),
	    D1 = lay(erl_syntax:match_expr_pattern(Node),
		     set_prec(Ctxt, PrecL)),
	    D2 = lay(erl_syntax:match_expr_body(Node),
		     set_prec(Ctxt, PrecR)),
	    D3 = follow(beside(D1, floating(text(" ="))), D2,
			Ctxt#ctxt.break_indent),
	    maybe_parentheses(D3, Prec, Ctxt);

	underscore ->
	    text("_");

	clause ->
	    %% The style used for a clause depends on its context
	    Ctxt1 = (reset_prec(Ctxt))#ctxt{clause = undefined},
	    D1 = par(seq(erl_syntax:clause_patterns(Node),
			 floating(text(",")), Ctxt1,
			 fun lay/2)),
	    D2 = case erl_syntax:clause_guard(Node) of
		     none ->
			 none;
		     G ->
			 lay(G, Ctxt1)
		 end,
	    D3 = sep(seq(erl_syntax:clause_body(Node),
			 floating(text(",")), Ctxt1,
			 fun lay/2)),
	    case Ctxt#ctxt.clause of
		fun_expr ->
		    make_fun_clause(D1, D2, D3, Ctxt);
		{function, N} ->
		    make_fun_clause(N, D1, D2, D3, Ctxt);
		if_expr ->
		    make_if_clause(D1, D2, D3, Ctxt);
		cond_expr ->
		    make_if_clause(D1, D2, D3, Ctxt);
		case_expr ->
		    make_case_clause(D1, D2, D3, Ctxt);
		receive_expr ->
		    make_case_clause(D1, D2, D3, Ctxt);
		try_expr ->
		    make_case_clause(D1, D2, D3, Ctxt);
		{rule, N} ->
		    make_rule_clause(N, D1, D2, D3, Ctxt);
		undefined ->
		    %% If a clause is formatted out of context, we
		    %% use a "fun-expression" clause style.
		    make_fun_clause(D1, D2, D3, Ctxt)
	    end;

	function ->
	    %% Comments on the name itself will be repeated for each
	    %% clause, but that seems to be the best way to handle it.
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    D1 = lay(erl_syntax:function_name(Node), Ctxt1),
	    D2 = lay_clauses(erl_syntax:function_clauses(Node),
			     {function, D1}, Ctxt1),
	    beside(D2, floating(text(".")));

	case_expr ->
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    D1 = lay(erl_syntax:case_expr_argument(Node), Ctxt1),
	    D2 = lay_clauses(
		   erl_syntax:case_expr_clauses(Node),
		   case_expr, Ctxt1),
	    sep([par([follow(text("case"), D1, Ctxt1#ctxt.sub_indent),
		      text("of")],
		     Ctxt1#ctxt.break_indent),
		 nest(Ctxt1#ctxt.sub_indent, D2),
		 text("end")]);
	
	if_expr ->
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    D = lay_clauses(erl_syntax:if_expr_clauses(Node),
			    if_expr, Ctxt1),
	    sep([follow(text("if"), D, Ctxt1#ctxt.sub_indent),
		 text("end")]);

	cond_expr ->
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    D = lay_clauses(erl_syntax:cond_expr_clauses(Node),
			    cond_expr, Ctxt1),
	    sep([text("cond"),
		 nest(Ctxt1#ctxt.sub_indent, D),
		 text("end")]);

	fun_expr ->
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    D = lay_clauses(erl_syntax:fun_expr_clauses(Node),
			       fun_expr, Ctxt1),
	    sep([follow(text("fun"), D, Ctxt1#ctxt.sub_indent),
		 text("end")]);

	module_qualifier ->
	    {PrecL, _Prec, PrecR} = inop_prec(':'),
	    D1 = lay(erl_syntax:module_qualifier_argument(Node),
		     set_prec(Ctxt, PrecL)),
	    D2 = lay(erl_syntax:module_qualifier_body(Node),
		     set_prec(Ctxt, PrecR)),
	    beside(D1, beside(text(":"), D2));

	qualified_name ->
	    Ss = erl_syntax:qualified_name_segments(Node),
	    lay_qualified_name(Ss, Ctxt);

	%%
	%% The rest is in alphabetical order
	%%

	arity_qualifier ->
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    D1 = lay(erl_syntax:arity_qualifier_body(Node), Ctxt1),
	    D2 = lay(erl_syntax:arity_qualifier_argument(Node), Ctxt1),
	    beside(D1, beside(text("/"), D2));

	attribute ->
	    %% The attribute name and arguments are formatted similar to
	    %% a function call, but prefixed with a "-" and followed by
	    %% a period. If the arguments is `none', we only output the
	    %% attribute name, without following parentheses.
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    N = erl_syntax:attribute_name(Node),
	    D = case erl_syntax:attribute_arguments(Node) of
		    none ->
			lay(N, Ctxt1);
		    Args ->
			As = seq(Args, floating(text(",")), Ctxt1,
				 fun lay/2),
			beside(lay(N, Ctxt1),
			       beside(text("("),
				      beside(par(As),
					     floating(text(")")))))
		end,
	    beside(floating(text("-")), beside(D, floating(text("."))));

	binary ->
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    Es = seq(erl_syntax:binary_fields(Node),
		     floating(text(",")), Ctxt1, fun lay/2),
	    beside(floating(text("<<")),
		   beside(par(Es), floating(text(">>"))));

	binary_field ->
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    D1 = lay(erl_syntax:binary_field_body(Node), Ctxt1),
	    D2 = case erl_syntax:binary_field_types(Node) of
		     [] ->
			 empty();
		     Ts ->
			 beside(floating(text("/")),
				lay_bit_types(Ts, Ctxt1))
		 end,
	    beside(D1, D2);

	block_expr ->
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    Es = seq(erl_syntax:block_expr_body(Node),
		     floating(text(",")), Ctxt1, fun lay/2),
	    sep([text("begin"),
		 nest(Ctxt1#ctxt.sub_indent, sep(Es)),
		 text("end")]);

	catch_expr ->
	    {Prec, PrecR} = preop_prec('catch'),
	    D = lay(erl_syntax:catch_expr_body(Node),
		    set_prec(Ctxt, PrecR)),
	    D1 = follow(text("catch"), D, Ctxt#ctxt.sub_indent),
	    maybe_parentheses(D1, Prec, Ctxt);

	class_qualifier ->
	    Ctxt1 = set_prec(Ctxt, max_prec()),
	    D1 = lay(erl_syntax:class_qualifier_argument(Node), Ctxt1),
	    D2 = lay(erl_syntax:class_qualifier_body(Node), Ctxt1),
	    beside(D1, beside(text(":"), D2));

	comment ->
	    D = stack_comment_lines(
		  erl_syntax:comment_text(Node)),
	    %% Default padding for standalone comments is empty.
	    case erl_syntax:comment_padding(Node) of
		none ->
		    floating(break(D));
		P ->
		    floating(break(beside(text(spaces(P)), D)))
	    end;

	conjunction ->
	    par(seq(erl_syntax:conjunction_body(Node),
		    floating(text(",")), reset_prec(Ctxt),
		    fun lay/2));

	disjunction ->
	    %% For clarity, we don't paragraph-format
	    %% disjunctions; only conjunctions (see above).
	    sep(seq(erl_syntax:disjunction_body(Node),
		    floating(text(";")), reset_prec(Ctxt),
		    fun lay/2));
	    
	error_marker ->
	    E = erl_syntax:warning_marker_info(Node),
	    beside(text("-error("),
		   beside(lay_concrete(E, reset_prec(Ctxt)),
			  text(").")));

	eof_marker ->
	    empty();
	
	form_list ->
	    Es = seq(erl_syntax:form_list_elements(Node), none,
		     reset_prec(Ctxt), fun lay/2),
	    vertical_sep(text(""), Es);

	generator ->
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    D1 = lay(erl_syntax:generator_pattern(Node), Ctxt1),
	    D2 = lay(erl_syntax:generator_body(Node), Ctxt1),
	    par([D1, beside(text("<- "), D2)], Ctxt1#ctxt.break_indent);

	implicit_fun ->
	    D = lay(erl_syntax:implicit_fun_name(Node),
		    reset_prec(Ctxt)),
	    beside(floating(text("fun ")), D);

	list_comp ->
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    D1 = lay(erl_syntax:list_comp_template(Node), Ctxt1),
	    D2 = par(seq(erl_syntax:list_comp_body(Node),
			 floating(text(",")), Ctxt1,
			 fun lay/2)),
	    beside(floating(text("[")),
		   par([D1, beside(floating(text("|| ")),
				   beside(D2, floating(text("]"))))]));

	macro ->
	    %% This is formatted similar to a normal function call, but
	    %% prefixed with a "?".
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    N = erl_syntax:macro_name(Node),
	    D = case erl_syntax:macro_arguments(Node) of
		    none->
			lay(N, Ctxt1);
		    Args ->
			As = seq(Args, floating(text(",")),
				 set_prec(Ctxt1, max_prec()), fun lay/2),
			beside(lay(N, Ctxt1),
			       beside(text("("),
				      beside(par(As),
					     floating(text(")")))))
		end,
	    D1 = beside(floating(text("?")), D),
	    maybe_parentheses(D1, 0, Ctxt);    % must be conservative!

	parentheses ->
	    D = lay(erl_syntax:parentheses_body(Node),
		    reset_prec(Ctxt)),
	    lay_parentheses(D, Ctxt);

	query_expr ->
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    D = lay(erl_syntax:query_expr_body(Node), Ctxt1),
	    sep([text("query"),
		 nest(Ctxt1#ctxt.sub_indent, D),
		 text("end")]);

	receive_expr ->
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    D1 = lay_clauses(
		   erl_syntax:receive_expr_clauses(Node),
		   receive_expr, Ctxt1),
	    D2 = case erl_syntax:receive_expr_timeout(Node) of
		     none ->
			 D1;
		     T ->
			 D3 = lay(T, Ctxt1),
			 A = erl_syntax:receive_expr_action(Node),
			 D4 = sep(seq(A, floating(text(",")),
				      Ctxt1, fun lay/2)),
			 sep([D1,
			      follow(floating(text("after")),
				     append_clause_body(D4, D3,
							Ctxt1),
				     Ctxt1#ctxt.sub_indent)])
		 end,
	    sep([text("receive"),
		 nest(Ctxt1#ctxt.sub_indent, D2),
		 text("end")]);

	record_access ->
	    {PrecL, Prec, PrecR} = inop_prec('#'),
	    D1 = lay(erl_syntax:record_access_argument(Node),
		     set_prec(Ctxt, PrecL)),
	    D2 = beside(
		   floating(text(".")),
		   lay(erl_syntax:record_access_field(Node),
		       set_prec(Ctxt, PrecR))),
	    D3 = case erl_syntax:record_access_type(Node) of
		     none ->
			 D2;
		     T ->
			 beside(beside(floating(text("#")),
				       lay(T, reset_prec(Ctxt))),
				D2)
		 end,
	    maybe_parentheses(beside(D1, D3), Prec, Ctxt);

	record_expr ->
	    {PrecL, Prec, _} = inop_prec('#'),	  
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    D1 = lay(erl_syntax:record_expr_type(Node), Ctxt1),
	    D2 = par(seq(erl_syntax:record_expr_fields(Node),
			 floating(text(",")), Ctxt1,
			 fun lay/2)),
	    D3 = beside(beside(floating(text("#")), D1),
			beside(text("{"),
			       beside(D2, floating(text("}"))))),
	    D4 = case erl_syntax:record_expr_argument(Node) of
		     none ->
			 D3;
		     A ->
			 beside(lay(A, set_prec(Ctxt, PrecL)), D3)
		 end,
	    maybe_parentheses(D4, Prec, Ctxt);
	
	record_field ->
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    D1 = lay(erl_syntax:record_field_name(Node), Ctxt1),
	    case erl_syntax:record_field_value(Node) of
		none ->
		    D1;
		V ->
		    par([D1, floating(text("=")), lay(V, Ctxt1)],
			Ctxt1#ctxt.break_indent)
	    end;

	record_index_expr ->
	    {Prec, PrecR} = preop_prec('#'),	
	    D1 = lay(erl_syntax:record_index_expr_type(Node),
		     reset_prec(Ctxt)),
	    D2 = lay(erl_syntax:record_index_expr_field(Node),
		     set_prec(Ctxt, PrecR)),
	    D3 = beside(beside(floating(text("#")), D1),
			beside(floating(text(".")), D2)),
	    maybe_parentheses(D3, Prec, Ctxt);

	rule ->
	    %% Comments on the name will be repeated; cf.
	    %% `function'.
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    D1 = lay(erl_syntax:rule_name(Node), Ctxt1),
	    D2 = lay_clauses(erl_syntax:rule_clauses(Node),
			     {rule, D1}, Ctxt1),
	    beside(D2, floating(text(".")));

	size_qualifier ->
	    Ctxt1 = set_prec(Ctxt, max_prec()),
	    D1 = lay(erl_syntax:size_qualifier_body(Node), Ctxt1),
	    D2 = lay(erl_syntax:size_qualifier_argument(Node), Ctxt1),
	    beside(D1, beside(text(":"), D2));

	text ->
	    text(erl_syntax:text_string(Node));

	try_expr ->
	    Ctxt1 = reset_prec(Ctxt),
	    D1 = sep(seq(erl_syntax:try_expr_body(Node),
			 floating(text(",")), Ctxt1, fun lay/2)),
	    Es0 = [text("end")],
	    Es1 = case erl_syntax:try_expr_after(Node) of
		      [] -> Es0;
		      As ->
			  D2 = sep(seq(As, floating(text(",")), Ctxt1,
				       fun lay/2)),
			  [text("after"),
			   nest(Ctxt1#ctxt.sub_indent, D2)
			   | Es0]
		  end,
	    Es2 = case erl_syntax:try_expr_handlers(Node) of
		      [] -> Es1;
		      Hs ->
			  D3 = lay_clauses(Hs, try_expr, Ctxt1),
			  [text("catch"),
			   nest(Ctxt1#ctxt.sub_indent, D3)
			   | Es1]
		  end,
	    Es3 = case erl_syntax:try_expr_clauses(Node) of
		      [] -> Es2;
		      Cs ->
			  D4 = lay_clauses(Cs, try_expr, Ctxt1),
			  [text("of"),
			   nest(Ctxt1#ctxt.sub_indent, D4)
			   | Es2]
		  end,
	    sep([text("try"), nest(Ctxt1#ctxt.sub_indent, D1) | Es3]);

	warning_marker ->
	    E = erl_syntax:warning_marker_info(Node),
	    beside(text("-warning("),
		   beside(lay_concrete(E, reset_prec(Ctxt)),
			  text(").")))
    end.

lay_parentheses(D, _Ctxt) ->
    beside(floating(text("(")), beside(D, floating(text(")")))).

maybe_parentheses(D, Prec, Ctxt) ->
    case Ctxt#ctxt.prec of
	P when P > Prec ->
	    lay_parentheses(D, Ctxt);
	_ ->
	    D
    end.

lay_qualified_name([S | Ss1] = Ss, Ctxt) ->
    case erl_syntax:type(S) of
	atom ->
	    case erl_syntax:atom_value(S) of
		'' ->
		    beside(text("."),
			   lay_qualified_name_1(Ss1, Ctxt));
		_ ->
		    lay_qualified_name_1(Ss, Ctxt)
	    end;
	_ ->
	    lay_qualified_name_1(Ss, Ctxt)
    end.

lay_qualified_name_1([S], Ctxt) ->
    lay(S, Ctxt);
lay_qualified_name_1([S | Ss], Ctxt) ->
    beside(lay(S, Ctxt), beside(text("."),
				lay_qualified_name_1(Ss, Ctxt))).

lay_string(S, Ctxt) ->
    %% S includes leading/trailing double-quote characters. The segment
    %% width is 2/3 of the ribbon width - this seems to work well.
    W = (Ctxt#ctxt.ribbon * 2) div 3,
    lay_string_1(S, length(S), W).

lay_string_1(S, L, W) when L > W, W > 0 ->
    %% Note that L is the minimum, not the exact, printed length.
    case split_string(S, W - 1, L) of
	{_S1, ""} ->
	    text(S);
	{S1, S2} ->
	    above(text(S1 ++ "\""),
		  lay_string_1([$" | S2], L - W + 1, W))
    end;
lay_string_1(S, _L, _W) ->
    text(S).

split_string(Xs, N, L) ->
    split_string_1(Xs, N, L, []).

%% We only split strings at whitespace, if possible. We must make sure
%% we do not split an escape sequence.

split_string_1([$\s | Xs], N, L, As) when N =< 0, L >= 5 ->
    {lists:reverse([$\s | As]), Xs};
split_string_1([$\t | Xs], N, L, As) when N =< 0, L >= 5 ->
    {lists:reverse([$t, $\\ | As]), Xs};
split_string_1([$\n | Xs], N, L, As) when N =< 0, L >= 5 ->
    {lists:reverse([$n, $\\ | As]), Xs};
split_string_1([$\\ | Xs], N, L, As) ->
    split_string_2(Xs, N - 1, L - 1, [$\\ | As]);
split_string_1(Xs, N, L, As) when N =< -10, L >= 5 ->
    {lists:reverse(As), Xs};
split_string_1([X | Xs], N, L, As) ->
    split_string_1(Xs, N - 1, L - 1, [X | As]);
split_string_1([], _N, _L, As) ->
    {lists:reverse(As), ""}.

split_string_2([$^, X | Xs], N, L, As) ->
    split_string_1(Xs, N - 2, L - 2, [X, $^ | As]);
split_string_2([X1, X2, X3 | Xs], N, L, As) when
  X1 >= $0, X1 =< $7, X2 >= $0, X2 =< $7, X3 >= $0, X3 =< $7 ->
    split_string_1(Xs, N - 3, L - 3, [X3, X2, X1 | As]);
split_string_2([X1, X2 | Xs], N, L, As) when 
  X1 >= $0, X1 =< $7, X2 >= $0, X2 =< $7 ->
    split_string_1(Xs, N - 2, L - 2, [X2, X1 | As]);
split_string_2([X | Xs], N, L, As) ->
    split_string_1(Xs, N - 1, L - 1, [X | As]).

%% Note that there is nothing in `lay_clauses' that actually requires
%% that the elements have type `clause'; it just sets up the proper
%% context and arranges the elements suitably for clauses.

lay_clauses(Cs, Type, Ctxt) ->
    vertical(seq(Cs, floating(text(";")),
		 Ctxt#ctxt{clause = Type},
		 fun lay/2)).

%% Note that for the clause-making functions, the guard argument
%% can be `none', which has different interpretations in different
%% contexts.

make_fun_clause(P, G, B, Ctxt) ->
    make_fun_clause(none, P, G, B, Ctxt).

make_fun_clause(N, P, G, B, Ctxt) ->
    D = make_fun_clause_head(N, P, Ctxt),
    make_case_clause(D, G, B, Ctxt).

make_fun_clause_head(N, P, Ctxt) ->
    D = lay_parentheses(P, Ctxt),
    if N == none ->
	    D;
       true ->
	    beside(N, D)
    end.

make_rule_clause(N, P, G, B, Ctxt) ->
    D = make_fun_clause_head(N, P, Ctxt),
    append_rule_body(B, append_guard(G, D, Ctxt), Ctxt).

make_case_clause(P, G, B, Ctxt) ->
    append_clause_body(B, append_guard(G, P, Ctxt), Ctxt).

make_if_clause(_P, G, B, Ctxt) ->
    %% We ignore the patterns; they should be empty anyway.
    G1 = if G == none ->
		 text("true");
	    true ->
		 G
	 end,
    append_clause_body(B, G1, Ctxt).

append_clause_body(B, D, Ctxt) ->
    append_clause_body(B, D, floating(text(" ->")), Ctxt).

append_rule_body(B, D, Ctxt) ->
    append_clause_body(B, D, floating(text(" :-")), Ctxt).

append_clause_body(B, D, S, Ctxt) ->
    sep([beside(D, S), nest(Ctxt#ctxt.break_indent, B)]).

append_guard(none, D, _) ->
    D;
append_guard(G, D, Ctxt) ->
    par([D, follow(text("when"), G, Ctxt#ctxt.sub_indent)],
	Ctxt#ctxt.break_indent).

lay_bit_types([T], Ctxt) ->
    lay(T, Ctxt);
lay_bit_types([T | Ts], Ctxt) ->
    beside(lay(T, Ctxt),
	   beside(floating(text("-")),
		  lay_bit_types(Ts, Ctxt))).

lay_concrete(T, Ctxt) ->
    lay(erl_syntax:abstract(T), Ctxt).

seq([H | T], Separator, Ctxt, Fun) ->
    case T of
	[] ->
	    [Fun(H, Ctxt)];
	_ ->
	    [maybe_append(Separator, Fun(H, Ctxt))
	     | seq(T, Separator, Ctxt, Fun)]
    end;
seq([], _, _, _) ->
    [empty()].

maybe_append(none, D) ->
    D;
maybe_append(Suffix, D) ->
    beside(D, Suffix).

vertical([D]) ->
    D;
vertical([D | Ds]) ->
    above(D, vertical(Ds));
vertical([]) ->
    [].

vertical_sep(_Sep, [D]) ->
    D;
vertical_sep(Sep, [D | Ds]) ->
    above(above(D, Sep), vertical_sep(Sep, Ds));
vertical_sep(_Sep, []) ->
    [].

spaces(N) when N > 0 ->
    [$\040 | spaces(N - 1)];
spaces(_) ->
    [].

tidy_float([$., C | Cs]) ->
    [$., C | tidy_float_1(Cs)];  % preserve first decimal digit
tidy_float([$e | _] = Cs) ->
    tidy_float_2(Cs);
tidy_float([C | Cs]) ->
    [C | tidy_float(Cs)];
tidy_float([]) ->
    [].

tidy_float_1([$0, $0, $0 | Cs]) ->
    tidy_float_2(Cs);    % cut mantissa at three consecutive zeros.
tidy_float_1([$e | _] = Cs) ->
    tidy_float_2(Cs);
tidy_float_1([C | Cs]) ->
    [C | tidy_float_1(Cs)];
tidy_float_1([]) ->
    [].

tidy_float_2([$e, $+, $0]) -> [];
tidy_float_2([$e, $+, $0 | Cs]) -> tidy_float_2([$e, $+ | Cs]);
tidy_float_2([$e, $+ | _] = Cs) -> Cs;
tidy_float_2([$e, $-, $0]) -> [];
tidy_float_2([$e, $-, $0 | Cs]) -> tidy_float_2([$e, $- | Cs]);
tidy_float_2([$e, $- | _] = Cs) -> Cs;
tidy_float_2([$e | Cs]) -> tidy_float_2([$e, $+ | Cs]);
tidy_float_2([_C | Cs]) -> tidy_float_2(Cs);
tidy_float_2([]) -> [].


%% =====================================================================
