GAP (GAPDoc Example) - Chapter 2: Other Markup

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### 2. Other Markup

#### 2.1 Various types of text

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In this section we present examples for all the various types of text that are possible in GAPDoc:

- This is emphasized.

- Keywords are typeset like `this` and `that`.

- Arguments of functions have an element. They look like this: x and y.

- Code can be written with the Code element: `if x = y then Print("Equal"); fi;` or `while true do Print("Hello"); od;`.

- Filenames have their own element: `/usr/local/ca/gap4r2` or `pkg/xgap/doc`.

- Buttons, menus, menu entries, and such things are also supported: OK or Cancel.

- Packages are typeset like this: Small Groups Library

- Quoted text: "This is a text in quotes."

Paragraphs are separated by the empty `Par` or `P` element.

Alternatives for different output formats: This is other than LaTeX output, namely: HTML output.

There are also three elements to typeset "verbatim-like" text. (--> B.6)

The first is a Listing:

    Sieve := function(n)
      # Returns the primes less than n
      local l,p,i;
      l := [1..n]; Unbind(l[1]);
      p := 2;
      while p^2 <= n do
          if IsBound(l[p]) then
              i := 2 * p;
              while i <= n do Unbind(l[i]); i := i + p; od;
          fi;
          p := p + 1;
      od;
      return Compacted(l);
    end;

Here is a Log of a GAP session using this function:

    gap> Sieve(100);
    [ 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, 31, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 59, 61,
      67, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97 ]
    gap> Length(last);
    25

Here is a GAP Example session that is automatically tested:

    gap> s := Size(CharacterTable("M"));
    808017424794512875886459904961710757005754368000000000
    gap> s < 10^53;
    false
    gap> s < 10^54;
    true

#### 2.2 Formulae

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There are three types of formulae.

The first is the normal math mode of LaTeX: $b_i \cdot b_j = \sum_{k=1}^d h_{ijk} b_k$. Then there are displayed formulae:

\[ \Longrightarrow \quad \left(\sum_{i=1}^d x_i b_i \right) \cdot \left(\sum_{j=1}^d y_j b_j \right) = \sum_{k=1}^d \left( \sum_{i,j} x_i y_j h_{ijk} \right) b_k \]

If possible, use the `Alt` element to specify a better readable text version of such a formula as in the following example:

             d                d                 d
           -----            -----             -----  -----
            \                \                 \      \
     ==> (   )  x_i b_i )(    )  y_i b_i ) =    )  (   )  x_i y_j h_ijk ) b_k
            /                /                 /      /
           -----            -----             -----  -----
           i = 1            i = 1             k = 1   i,j

For small formulae without "difficult" parts use the `M` element: b_i, x^2, x^2 + 2x + 1 = (x + 1)^2. Note that here whitespace matters for text (or HTML) output.

Here are two formulae containing less than characters which are special characters for XML: a < b < c < d and e < f.

#### 2.3 Crossreferencing

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In this section we demonstrate various references to parts of this document. Here is a reference to this section: 2.3. Here is a reference to chapter 1., to appendix A., and to subsection 1.1-1.

We distinguish among others references to functions (see `f` (1.2-1)), to methods with tricky name (see `\^` (1.2-2)), to operations (see `MyOperation` (1.2-3)), to methods (see `MyOperation` (1.2-4) or `MyOperation` (1.2-5)), to filters (see `IsBla` (1.2-6)), to properties (see `IsBlubb` (1.2-7)), to attributes (see `NumberBlobbs` (1.2-8)), to variables (`AllBlibbs` (1.2-9)), to families (see `BlibbsFamily` (1.2-10)), and to info classes (see `InfoBlibbs` (1.2-11)).

There are also references to labels: see here, to other books: see GAPDoc: What is a DTD? or `IsSubgroup` (Reference: IsSubgroup) in the GAP reference manual.

References to sections come in two styles: 1. or Sectioning Elements (1.).

Another type of cross referencing is bibliography. Here is a citation: [CR81, (5.22)] is an interesting lemma.

There are also URLs:

http://www.math.rwth-aachen.de/LDfM/

Email addresses have a special element: Frank.Luebeck@Math.RWTH-Aachen.De

and Homepages another one: http://www.math.rwth-aachen.de/~Max.Neunhoeffer/

One can generate index entries as follows (look up the words "TeX-UserGroup", "RWTH", and "Aachen, Hauptbahnhof").

#### 2.4 Lists and Tables

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There are

- lists

- enumerations, and

- tables

or:

1. lists

2. enumerations, and

3. tables

or with marks:

lists:

  not numbered

enumerations:

  numbered

tables:

  two-dimensional

Here is a table:

Table: Prices
Object | Price | available
Shoe | $1,00 | there
Hat | $2,00 | not there

#### 2.5 Entities and Special Characters

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Here is the table of special characters:

Table: Special characters in character data
`&` | `<` | `>` | `#` | `$` | `%` | `~` | `\` | `{` | `}` | `_` | `^` | ``

And here are the predefined entities in GAPDoc:

Table: Predefined Entities in the GAPDoc system
`&GAP;` | GAP
`&GAPDoc;` | GAPDoc
`&TeX;` | TeX
`&LaTeX;` | LaTeX
`&BibTeX;` | BibTeX
`&MeatAxe;` | MeatAxe
`&XGAP;` | XGAP
`&copyright;` | (C)

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