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  File:     @(#)$Id: README,v 1.1 2002/07/12 16:11:46 tillkamppeter Exp $
  Contents: Notes on the PPD files in the pcl3 distribution
  Author:   Martin Lottermoser, Greifswaldstrasse 28, 38124 Braunschweig,
            Germany. E-mail: Martin.Lottermoser@t-online.de.

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*									      *
*	Copyright (C) 2001 by Martin Lottermoser			      *
*	All rights reserved						      *
*									      *
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Purpose and Format of PPD Files, Document Managers
**************************************************
Some PostScript commands (e.g., for duplex printing) are not concerned with
what appears on the page but control the way a document is printed independent
of its contents. Such commands are usually not created by the application
generating the PostScript document but are inserted at the user's request when
actually printing the file. In addition, some PostScript interpreters differ in
the commands needed to achieve a particular effect, hence a PostScript file
might have to be adapted for a certain device if it was orginally generated for
a different one. This post-processing of PostScript files is the job of a
PostScript "document manager" or "print manager". It obtains its information
from a PPD (PostScript Printer Description) file for the printer selected.

The most useful kind of document manager is a preprocessor for a spooler. This
preprocessor parses the PostScript file to determine its current settings, asks
the user which special features (e.g., duplex printing, output quality,
stapling, etc.) are desired, extends or modifies the file with commands
extracted from the PPD file, and passes the modified file to the spooler.

There exist also spooler-integrated document managers where the user interface
is detached from the editing component; in these cases the interface passes the
information it has collected to the spooling interface in some spooler-specific
manner and later a backend inserts appropriate PostScript commands.

Primitive document manager implementations don't bother about parsing the
PostScript file but merely prepend the new PostScript commands to the file;
such commands will not take effect if the file already contains invocations of
the same feature. Beware of this in particular in the case of Windows-generated
PostScript files which usually contain explicit settings for the resolution.
You might consider adding definitions for ghostscript's FIXEDRESOLUTION
variable to the *Resolution statements in the PPD file if you have such a
document manager.

PPD files contain also some information which is relevant for software
generating PostScript files. A case in point is the list of supported media
sizes: it can be used by PostScript-generating programs to present a user with
a list of choices for the document to be composed, and it is also used by the
document manager to replace the size's invocation code with the commands
required to obtain this size on the printer selected. It can be confusing if
you have a PPD-based user interface to a print system which accepts PostScript
as well as non-PostScript files and where the interface does not clearly
distinguish between these two steps (document composition and printing); you
might get the impression that you can alter the page size after the PostScript
file has been generated. (A similar case is page orientation.) Actually,
PostScript does provide functionality for doing this (PageSize recovery
policies), but altering the size selection commands is logically wrong and does
not give a usable result in general.

The PPD file format is defined by Adobe:

      Adobe Systems Incorporated
      "PostScript Printer Description File Format Specification"
      Version 4.3
      9 February 1996
      Document ID: PN LPS5003

This specification can be obtained from http://www.adobe.com.



The PPD Files for pcl3
**********************
The PPD files distributed with pcl3 are not complete descriptions of the
devices implemented by ghostscript with the pcl3 driver. Their main purpose is
to provide some essential support for document managers acting as
preprocessors. This makes it possible to create printing interfaces which are
easier to use than ghostscript's command line interface. As a consequence,
you will find no *OpenUI/*CloseUI entries for device parameters like
"SendBlackLast" or "PJLLanguage": the values of these parameters are not
job-specific but printer-specific properties and should be given as additions
in other PPD statements or in the call to ghostscript.

PPD files can include other PPD files. For pcl3, the include structure looks
like this (inclusion is from top to bottom):

	gs-pcl3-<subdevice>.ppd
	|
	gs-pcl3-common.ppd
	|
	gs.ppd
	|
	gs-<gs version>.ppd
	|
	gs-common.ppd

Several of the files gs-pcl3-<subdevice>.ppd and in particular those where
<subdevice> is not an acceptable argument to "-sSubdevice" are valid for
several subdevices. If you are unsure which file to select, check the initial
comments or the *ModelName statement in a file to discover the subdevices
supported by that file.

The gs-pcl3-<subdevice>.ppd files assume that the PostScript file generated by
the document manager is passed to a ghostscript executable with options
selecting pcl3 and the intended subdevice and without altering the default
state of the device as far as it is reflected in the PPD file. If this does not
agree with your environment, use a local PPD customization file for the
necessary adaptations.

If you're using CUPS, device and subdevice selection should happen via the
*cupsFilter statement and the filter called. The gs-pcl3-<subdevice>.ppd files
already contain *cupsFilter statements using the cups-pcl3 filter. If you're
using a different filter, modify the statements as needed, otherwise read the
initial comments in the file cups-pcl3.


Installation of the Files
*************************

1.  Create a file called gs.ppd for describing site-specific settings of your
    ghostscript installation. It should contain at least the following
    statements:

      *PPD-Adobe: "4.3"
      *DefaultPaperDimension: <size>
      *Include: "gs-<gs version>.ppd"

    Replace "<size>" with the default page size configured for your ghostscript
    installation. Usually, this is either "A4" or "Letter". In the case of A4
    you would therefore write:

      *DefaultPaperDimension: A4

    You might also wish to insert other statements here which describe settings
    which are relevant for a document manager. For example, if your document
    manager downloads fonts to the PostScript interpreter if it is of the
    opinion that the latter does not have a particular font used in a document
    (this is the case for CUPS), you should compose a PPD file with a list of
    fonts accessible to your ghostscript installation and insert it or an
    *Include statement for it at this point. You can use the fonts.ppd file in
    this directory as a model (or as a temporary substitute); it contains a
    list of ghostscript's usual standard fonts. If the programs accessing the
    PPD file use it only for determining whether a font is accessible to the
    interpreter or not, you can also simply use the list of font descriptions
    resulting from running gs on:

      /scratch 200 string def
      (*)
      {
	(*Font ) print print (: Standard "\(0.0\)" Standard Disk\n) print
      }
      scratch /Font resourceforall

    (put this into a file and run "gs -q -dBATCH -sDEVICE=bit" on it). This
    output will contain information which is wrong, but it will list all fonts
    known to your ghostscript installation.

    Don't forget to also replace <gs version> with your ghostscript's version
    number. If there is no gs-<gs version>.ppd file for your gs version, use
    one of the existing gs-<gs version>.ppd files as a model.

2.  The PPD specification distinguishes between printer models (e.g., the
    HP DeskJet 540) and printer instances (e.g., the second printer in
    room 12). The PPD file for an instance can be generated by creating a local
    instance-specific customization file which includes the model's PPD file.

    If your document manager has an interface for instance installation, it is
    sufficient to give it the relevant gs-pcl3-<subdevice>.ppd files which
    describe models. Otherwise you usually have to create a customization file
    under the name of the instance, containing just

      *PPD-Adobe: "4.3"
      *ShortNickName: "<short text>"
      *NickName: "<text>"
      *Include: "gs-pcl3-<subdevice>.ppd"

    with <text> describing the printer instance (<short text> should basically
    have the same content but consist of at most 31 characters) and <subdevice>
    being replaced to generate the name of the pcl3 PPD file you wish to use
    for this printer.

    If you wish to extend or override other settings in the
    gs-pcl3-<subdevice>.ppd file, add these statements in the customization
    file between the first and the last statement above.

    The pcl3 PPD files contain *InputSlot definitions only for those media
    sources ("Cassette" and "ManualFeed") which are available independent of
    your "InputAttributes" definitions. If you configure a print queue such
    that other sources are available as well, read the comments on the
    *InputSlot entry in gs-pcl3-common.ppd.

    You can't use local customization files with CUPS up to at least version
    1.1.8 because the CUPS PPD scanner (a) does not support the *Include
    statement and (b) violates the PPD specification in either taking the
    last occurrence of a keyword as the correct instance or collecting all
    instances instead of disregarding every except the first. Modify the
    installed instance files in this case if you need some customization, for
    example to change the "*NickName" value (which actually CUPS should do when
    you give it a description for the print queue at creation time).

3.  Copy all PPD files needed into a directory where they will be found by your
    document manager.

    If your document manager does not support the "*Include" statement, use the
    script "catppd" for this purpose:

	catppd <top PPD file> <target directory or file>

    The script requires that all the files referenced from <top PPD file> must
    be accessible from the current working directory under the name given in
    the "*Include" statement. In the case of pcl3's PPD files this means that
    you must call it from the "ppd" directory. If you are installing model
    files you may specify any gs-pcl3-*.ppd file for <top PPD file> with the
    exception of gs-pcl3-common.ppd. If you are installing instance files, use
    catppd only on your customization files.

    For CUPS up to at least version 1.1.8 you'll have to use catppd and you
    should copy the files into the .../cups/model directory. You must also
    remove the second "*OpenUI *MediaType: ... *CloseUI *MediaType" section
    from the copied gs-pcl3-unspec.ppd file.

4.  If you are using the "unspec" or "unspecold" subdevices, check whether the
    PPD file supports all the features you need. You will also almost certainly
    find some features or values there which are not supported by your printer.
    It is probably best to create your own PPD file in this case.
