## NAME

           pscoupe - Plot cross-sections of focal mechanisms.

## SYNOPSIS

           pscoupe  files  -Jparameters -Rwest/east/south/north -Apa
           rameters [ -Btickinfo ] [ -Ffill ] [ -Gfill ] [ -H ] [  -K
           ]  [  -L[pen]  ]  [-M]  [  -N  ]  [  -O  ] [ -P ] [-S<sym
           bol><scale>[/d] ] [  -s<symbol><size>[/d]  ]  [  -Tn  ]  [
           -U[label] ] [ -V ] [ -Wpen ] [ -Xx-shift ] [ -Yy-shift ] [
           -Z<cpt> ] [ -a[<size>/[P_symbol>/[T_symbol]]] ] [ -gfill ]
           [ -efill ] [ -ppen ] [ -tpen ] [ -: ] [ -c#copies ]

## DESCRIPTION

           pscoupe  reads  data values from files [or standard input]
           and generates PostScript  code  that  will  plot  symbols,
           lines  or  polygons  on a cross-section.  Focal mechanisms
           may be specified and require additional columns  of  data.
           The PostScript code is written to standard output.

           files  list one or more file-names. If no files are given,
           pscoupe will read standard input.

           A new file is created with the new coordinates (x, y)  and
           the mechanism (from lower focal half-sphere for horizontal
           plane, to half-sphere behind a vertical plane).  When  the
           plane is not horizontal, - north direction becomes upwards
           steepest descent direction of the plane (u) - east  direc
           tion  becomes  strike  direction  of  the plane (s) - down
           direction (= north^east) becomes u^s
           Axis angles are defined in the same way as  in  horizontal
           plane in the new system.
           Moment  tensor  (initially  in  r, t, f system that is up,
           south, east) is defined in (-u^s, -u, s) system.  A   file
           is created with extracted events.

           -J     Selects  the  map projection. Scale is UNIT/degree,
                  1:xxxxx, or width in UNIT  (upper  case  modifier).
                  UNIT  is  cm,  inch,  or  m,  depending on the MEA
                  SURE_UNIT setting in .gmtdefaults, but this can  be
                  overridden  on the command line by appending the c,
                  i, or m to the scale/width value.

                  CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:

                  -Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
                  -Jjlon0/scale (Miller)
                  -Jmscale (Mercator - Greenwich and Equator as  ori
                  gin)
                  -Jmlon0/lat0/scale  (Mercator  -  Give meridian and
                  standard parallel)
                  -Joalon0/lat0/azimuth/scale  (Oblique  Mercator   -
                  point and azimuth)
                  -Joblon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale  (Oblique  Mercator -
                  two points)
                  -Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale (Oblique  Mercator  -
                  point and pole)
                  -Jqlon0/scale  (Equidistant  Cylindrical Projection
                  (Plate Carree))
                  -Jtlon0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, with Equa
                  tor as y = 0)
                  -Jtlon0/lat0/scale  (TM  - Transverse Mercator, set
                  origin)
                  -Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
                  -Jylon0/lats/scale (Basic Cylindrical Projection)

                  AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:

                  -Jalon0/lat0/scale (Lambert).
                  -Jelon0/lat0/scale (Equidistant).
                  -Jflon0/lat0/horizon/scale (Gnomonic).
                  -Jglon0/lat0/scale (Orthographic).
                  -Jslon0/lat0/[slat/]scale (General Stereographic)

                  CONIC PROJECTIONS:

                  -Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
                  -Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Equidistant)
                  -Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert)

                  MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:

                  -Jhlon0/scale (Hammer)
                  -Jilon0/scale (Sinusoidal)
                  -Jk[f|s]lon0/scale (Eckert IV (f) and VI (s))
                  -Jnlon0/scale (Robinson)
                  -Jrlon0/scale (Winkel Tripel)
                  -Jvlon0/scale (Van der Grinten)
                  -Jwlon0/scale (Mollweide)

                  NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:

                  -Jp[a]scale[/origin]  (polar (theta,r) coordinates,
                  optional a for azimuths and offset theta [0])
                  -Jxx-scale[l|ppow][/y-scale[l|ppow]] (Linear,  log,
                  and power scaling)
                  More  details  can  be  found in the psbasemap man
                  pages.

           -R     west, east, south, and north specify the Region  of
                  interest. To specify boundaries in degrees and min
                  utes [and  seconds],  use  the  dd:mm[:ss]  format.
                  Append  r if lower left and upper right map coordi
                  nates are given  instead  of  wesn.   If  frame  is
                  defined from cross-section parameters (see -A) this
                  option is not taken into account, but must be  pre
                  sent.

           -A selects the cross-section.
                  -Aalon1/lat1/lon2/lat2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
                  lon  and  lat  are  the  longitude  and latitude of
                  points 1 and 2 limiting the length  ot  the  cross-
                  section.
                  dip is the dip of the plane on which the cross-sec
                  tion is made.
                  p_width is the width of the cross-section  on  each
                  side  of  a  vertical  plane  or above and under an
                  oblique plane.
                  dmin and dmax are the distances min  and  max  from
                  horizontal plane, along steepest descent direction.
                  Add f to  get  the  frame  from  the  cross-section
                  parameters.
                  -Ablon1/lat1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
                  lon1 and lat1 are the longitude and latitude of the
                  beginning of the cross-section.
                  strike is the azimut of the direction of the cross-
                  section.
                  p_length is  the  length  along  which  the  cross-
                  section is made.
                  The  other  parameters  are  the  same  as  for -Aa
                  option.
                  -Acx1/y1/x2/y2/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
                  The same as -Aa option with x and y cartesian coor
                  dinates.
                  -Adx1/y1/strike/p_length/dip/p_width/dmin/dmax[f]
                  The same as -Ab option with x and y cartesian coor
                  dinates.

           -S     selects the meaning of the columns in the data file
                  and the figure to be plotted.

           -Sascale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
                  Focal  mechanisms  in  Aki  and Richard convention.
                  scale adjusts the scaling  of  the  radius  of  the
                  "beach  ball",  which  will  be proportional to the
                  magnitude. The scale is the size for magnitude =  5
                  in  MEASURE_UNIT  (unless c, i, m, or p is appended
                  to indicate that the size information is  in  units
                  of  cm,  inches,  meters, or points, respectively).
                  Use the -T option to render the beach  ball  trans
                  parent  by  drawing  only  the nodal planes and the
                  circumference. The color or shade of  the  compres
                  sive quadrants can be specified with the -G option.
                  The color or shade of the extensive  quadrants  can
                  be  specified  with  the -E option.  Parameters are
                  expected to be in the following columns:

           1,2:   longitude, latitude  of  event  (-:  option  inter
                  changes order)

           3:     depth of event in kilometers

           4,5,6: strike, dip and rake

           7:     magnitude

           8,9:   not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file
                  format

           10:    text  string  to  appear  above  the   beach   ball
                  (default) or under (add u).

           -Scscale
                  Focal  mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention.  scale
                  adjusts the scaling of the  radius  of  the  "beach
                  ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude.
                  The scale is the size for magnitude = 5 (that is M0
                  = 4E+23 dynes-cm.) in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m,
                  or p is appended to indicate that the size informa
                  tion  is in units of cm, inches, meters, or points,
                  respectively). Use the  -T  option  to  render  the
                  beach  ball  transparent  by drawing only the nodal
                  planes and the circumference. The color or shade of
                  the compressive quadrants can be specified with the
                  -G option. The color  or  shade  of  the  extensive
                  quadrants  can  be  specified  with  the -E option.
                  Parameters are expected  to  be  in  the  following
                  columns:

           1,2:   longitude,  latitude  of  event  (-:  option inter
                  changes order)

           3:     depth of event in kilometers

           4,5,6: strike, dip, and slip of plane 1

           7,8,9: strike, dip, and slip of plane 2

           10,11: mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm (if mag
                  nitude  is uses instead of scalar moment, magnitude
                  is in column 10 and 0 must be in column 11)

           12,13: not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file
                  format

           14:    text   string   to  appear  above  the  beach  ball
                  (default) or under (add u).

           -Spscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
                  Focal mechanisms given with partial  data  on  both
                  planes.  scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of
                  the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the
                  magnitude.  The scale is the size for magnitude = 5
                  in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p  is  appended
                  to  indicate  that the size information is in units
                  of cm, inches, meters,  or  points,  respectively).
                  The color or shade of the compressive quadrants can
                  be specified with the -G option. The color or shade
                  of  the  extensive  quadrants can be specified with
                  the -E option.  Parameters are expected  to  be  in
                  the following columns:

           1,2:   longitude,  latitude  of  event  (-:  option inter
                  changes order)

           3:     depth

           4,5:   strike, dip of plane 1

           6:     strike of plane 2

           7:     must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault

           8:     magnitude

           9,10:  not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file
                  format

           11:    text   string   to  appear  above  the  beach  ball
                  (default) or under (add u).

           -Smscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] Seismic moment tensor.
                  scale adjusts the scaling  of  the  radius  of  the
                  "beach  ball",  which  will  be proportional to the
                  magnitude. The scale is the size for magnitude =  5
                  (that is seismic scalar moment = 4E+23 dynes-cm) in
                  MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p is  appended  to
                  indicate  that  the size information is in units of
                  cm, inches, meters, or points, respectively).  (-T0
                  option  overlays best double couple transparently.)
                  Put  -Sdscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]  to  plot  the
                  only double couple part of moment tensor. Put -Szs
                  cale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]  to  plot   anisotropic
                  part  of  moment  tensor (zero trace). The color or
                  shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
                  with  the  -G  option.  The  color  or shade of the
                  extensive quadrants can be specified  with  the  -E
                  option.   Parameters are expected to be in the fol
                  lowing columns:

           1,2:   longitude, latitude  of  event  (-:  option  inter
                  changes order)

           3:     depth of event in kilometers

           4,5,6,7,8,9:
                  mrr,  mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent dynes-
                  cm

           10:    exponent

           11,12: Not used; can be 0 0; allows use of the psmeca file
                  format

           13:    Text   string   to  appear  above  the  beach  ball
                  (default) or under (add u).

           -Sxscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] Principal axis.
                  scale adjusts the scaling  of  the  radius  of  the
                  "beach  ball",  which  will  be proportional to the
                  magnitude. The scale is the size for magnitude =  5
                  (that is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23 dynes-cm)
                  in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or p  is  appended
                  to  indicate  that the size information is in units
                  of cm, inches, meters,  or  points,  respectively).
                  (-T0  option  overlays best double couple transpar
                  ently.) Put -Syscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot
                  the  only  double couple part of moment tensor. Put
                  -Stscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic
                  part  of  moment  tensor (zero trace). The color or
                  shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
                  with  the  -G  option.  The  color  or shade of the
                  extensive quadrants can be specified  with  the  -E
                  option.   Parameters are expected to be in the fol
                  lowing columns:

           1,2:   longitude, latitude  of  event  (-:  option  inter
                  changes order)

           3:     depth of event in kilometers

           4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12:
                  value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of
                  the T, N, and P axes.

           13:    exponent

           14,15: longitude, latitude at which to place  beach  ball.
                  Entries  in these columns are necessary with the -C
                  option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
                  beach  ball  at  the  longitude,  latitude given in
                  columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
                  order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).

           16:    Text   string   to  appear  above  the  beach  ball
                  (optional).

           -ssymbol[size[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
                  selects a symbol instead of mechanism.  Choose from
                  the following: (c) circle, (d) diamond, (i) itrian
                  gle, (s) square, (t) triangle, (x) cross.  size  is
                  the symbol size in MEASURE_UNIT (unless c, i, m, or
                  p is appended to indicate that the size information
                  is  in  units  of  cm,  inches,  meters, or points,
                  respectively). If size must be read, it must be  in
                  column  4  and the text string will start in column
                  5.  Parameters are expected to be in the  following
                  columns:

           1,2:   longitude,  latitude  of  event  (-:  option inter
                  changes order)

           3:     depth of event in kilometers

           4:     Text  string  to  appear  above  the   beach   ball
                  (default) or under (add u).

## OPTIONS

           No  space between the option flag and the associated argu
           ments.

           -B     Sets map boundary tickmark intervals. See psbasemap
                  for details.

           -Efill Selects  filling  of  extensive  quadrants. Usually
                  white.  Set the  shade  (0-255)  or  color  (r/g/b)
                  [Default is 255/255/255].

           -Gfill selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention,
           the
                  compressional  quadrants  are shaded. Set the shade
                  (0-255)  or  color  (r/g/b)  [Default  is   0/0/0].
                  Optionally,   specify  -Gpicon_size/pattern,  where
                  pattern gives  the  number  of  the  image  pattern
                  (1-32)   OR   the   name  of  a  icon-format  file.
                  icon_size sets the unit size in inches.  To  invert
                  black and white pixels, use -GP instead of -Gp. See
                  Appendix E for information on individual  patterns.

           -H     Input  file(s)  has  Header  record(s).  Number  of
                  header records can be changed by editing your .gmt
                  defaults  file.  If  used,  GMT default is 1 header
                  record.

           -K     More  PostScript  code  will  be   appended   later
                  [Default terminates the plot system].

           -L[pen]
                  Draws  the  "beach  ball" outline using current pen
                  (see -W) or sets pen attributes.

           -M     Same size for any magnitude.

           -N     Does NOT skip symbols that fall outside map  border
                  [Default plots points inside border only].

           -O     Selects  Overlay  plot  mode [Default initializes a
                  new plot system].

           -P     Selects Portrait  plotting  mode  [GMT  Default  is
                  Landscape, see gmtdefaults to change this].

           -T[num_of_planes]
                  Plots  the  nodal  planes  and  outlines the bubble
                  which is transparent.  If num_of_planes is
                        0: both nodal planes are plotted;
                        1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
                        2: only the second  nodal  plane  is  plotted
                  [Default: 0].

           -U     Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. User may spec
                  ify where the lower left corner of the stamp should
                  fall  on  the page relative to lower left corner of
                  plot. Optionally, append a label, or c (which  will
                  plot  the  command  string.).  The  GMT  parameters
                  UNIX_TIME and UNIX_TIME_POS can affect the  appear
                  ance; see the gmtdefaults man page for details.

           -V     Selects  verbose  mode,  which  will  send progress
                  reports to stderr [Default runs "silently"].

           -W     set pen attributes for text string or  default  pen
                  attributes  for fault plane edges. [Defaults: width
                  = 1, color = 0/0/0, texture = solid].

           -X -Y  Shift origin of plot by (x-shift,y-shift).  Prepend
                  a  for  absolute  coordinates; the default (r) will
                  reset plot origin.

           -Zcptfile
                  Give a color palette file and let compressive  part
                  color  be  determined  by  the z-value in the third
                  column.

           -a[size/[P_axis_symbol/[T_axis_symbol]]]
                  Computes and plots  P  and  T  axes  with  symbols.
                  Optionally specify size and (separate) P and T axis
                  symbols from the following: (c)  circle,  (d)  dia
                  mond,  (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle, (p)point,
                  (s) square, (t)  triangle,  (x)  cross.  [Defaults:
                  0.2c/c/c or 0.08i/c/c.]

           -efill Selects  filling  of  T axis symbol.  Set the shade
                  (0-255) or  color  (r/g/b)  [Default  is  color  of
                  extensive parts.]

           -gfill Selects  filling  of  P axis symbol.  Set the shade
                  (0-255) or color (r/g/b) [Default is color of  com
                  pressive parts.]

           -p[pen]
                  Draws  the  P  axis  outline using current pen (see
                  -W), or sets pen attributes.

           -t[pen]
                  Draws the T axis outline  using  current  pen  (see
                  -W), or sets pen attributes.

           -:     Toggles  between  (longitude,latitude)  and  (lati
                  tude,longitude) input/output. [Default  is  (longi
                  tude,latitude)].  Applies to geographic coordinates
                  only.

           -c     Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1]

## SEE ALSO

           gmt(l), psbasemap(l) psmeca(l), psxy(l)

## REFERENCES

           Bomford,  G.,  Geodesy,  4th ed., Oxford University Press,
           1980.
           Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman,
           1980.
           F.  A.  Dahlen  and  Jeoren  Trom, Theoretical Seismology,
           Princeton, 1998, p.167.  Definition of scalar moment.
           Cliff  Frohlich,  Cliff'Nodes  Concerning  Plotting  Nodal
           Lines for P, Sh and Sv'
           Seismological  Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, Jan
           uary-February, 1996
           Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace,  Modern  Global  Seismology,
           Academic Press, 1995, p.384.
           W.H.  Press,  S.A.  Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flan
           nery, Numerical Recipes in C, Cambridge  University  press
           (routine jacobi)

## AUTHOR

           Genevieve Patau
           CNRS UMR 7580
           Seismology Dept.
           Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
           (patau@ipgp.jussieu.fr)

                                1 Feb 2002                 PSCOUPE(l)