## NAME

           psmeca - Plot focal mechanisms on maps

## SYNOPSIS

           psmeca   files   -Jparameters   -Rwest/east/south/north  [
           -Btickinfo ] [ -Cpen ] [ -Ddepmin/depmax  ]  [  -Efill]  [
           -Gfill]  [ -H[n] ] [ -K ] [ -L[pen] ] [ -M ] [ -N ] [ -O ]
           [ -P ] [ -S<symbol><scale>[/d]] [ -Tnum_of_plane[<pen>]  ]
           [  -U[label] ] [ -V ] [ -Wpen ] [-Xx-shift ] [ -Yy-shift ]
           [-Zcptfile] [ -z ] [ -a[<size>[P_symbol>[T_symbol]]]  ]  [
           -gfill  ]  [-efill  ]  [  -o  ]  [ -ppen ] [ -tpen ] [ -:]
           [-ccopies ]

## DESCRIPTION

           psmeca reads data values from files  [or  standard  input]
           and  generates PostScript code that will plot focal mecha
           nisms on a map. Most options are the  same  as  for  psxy.
           The PostScript code is written to standard output.

## ARGUMENTS

           files  List one or more file-names. If no files are given,
           psvelomeca will read standard input.

           -J     Selects the map projection. Scale  is  UNIT/degree,
                  1:xxxxx,  or  width  in UNIT (upper case modifier).
                  UNIT is cm, inch,  or  m,  depending  on  the  MEA
                  SURE_UNIT  setting in .gmtdefaults, but this can be
                  overridden on the command line by appending the  c,
                  i, or m to the scale/width value.

                  CYLINDRICAL PROJECTIONS:

                  -Jclon0/lat0/scale (Cassini)
                  -Jjlon0/scale (Miller)
                  -Jmscale  (Mercator - Greenwich and Equator as ori
                  gin)
                  -Jmlon0/lat0/scale (Mercator -  Give  meridian  and
                  standard parallel)
                  -Joalon0/lat0/azimuth/scale   (Oblique  Mercator  -
                  point and azimuth)
                  -Joblon0/lat0/lon1/lat1/scale (Oblique  Mercator  -
                  two points)
                  -Joclon0/lat0/lonp/latp/scale  (Oblique  Mercator -
                  point and pole)
                  -Jqlon0/scale (Equidistant  Cylindrical  Projection
                  (Plate Carree))
                  -Jtlon0/scale (TM - Transverse Mercator, with Equa
                  tor as y = 0)
                  -Jtlon0/lat0/scale (TM - Transverse  Mercator,  set
                  origin)
                  -Juzone/scale (UTM - Universal Transverse Mercator)
                  -Jylon0/lats/scale (Basic Cylindrical Projection)

                  AZIMUTHAL PROJECTIONS:

                  -Jalon0/lat0/scale (Lambert).
                  -Jelon0/lat0/scale (Equidistant).
                  -Jflon0/lat0/horizon/scale (Gnomonic).
                  -Jglon0/lat0/scale (Orthographic).
                  -Jslon0/lat0/[slat/]scale (General Stereographic)

                  CONIC PROJECTIONS:

                  -Jblon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Albers)
                  -Jdlon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Equidistant)
                  -Jllon0/lat0/lat1/lat2/scale (Lambert)

                  MISCELLANEOUS PROJECTIONS:

                  -Jhlon0/scale (Hammer)
                  -Jilon0/scale (Sinusoidal)
                  -Jk[f|s]lon0/scale (Eckert IV (f) and VI (s))
                  -Jnlon0/scale (Robinson)
                  -Jrlon0/scale (Winkel Tripel)
                  -Jvlon0/scale (Van der Grinten)
                  -Jwlon0/scale (Mollweide)

                  NON-GEOGRAPHICAL PROJECTIONS:

                  -Jp[a]scale[/origin] (polar (theta,r)  coordinates,
                  optional a for azimuths and offset theta [0])
                  -Jxx-scale[l|ppow][/y-scale[l|ppow]]  (Linear, log,
                  and power scaling)
                  More details can be found  in  the  psbasemap  man
                  pages.

           -R     west,  east, south, and north specify the Region of
                  interest. To specify boundaries in degrees and min
                  utes  [and  seconds],  use  the  dd:mm[:ss] format.
                  Append r if lower left and upper right map  coordi
                  nates are given instead of wesn.

           -S     Selects the meaning of the columns in the data file
                  In order to use the same file  to  plot  cross-sec
                  tions,  depth is in third column.  Nevertheless, it
                  is possible to use  "old  style"  psvelomeca  input
                  files  without  depth  in third column using the -o
                  option.

           -Sascale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
                  Focal mechanisms in  Aki  and  Richard  convention.
                  scale  adjusts  the  scaling  of  the radius of the
                  "beach ball", which will  be  proportional  to  the
                  magnitude.  Scale  is the size for magnitude = 5 in
                  inch (unless c, i, m, or p is appended).   Use  the
                  -T  option  to render the beach ball transparent by
                  drawing only the nodal planes  and  the  circumfer
                  ence.  The  color or shade of the compressive quad
                  rants can be specified  with  the  -G  option.  The
                  color  or  shade  of the extensive quadrants can be
                  specified  with  the  -E  option.   Parameters  are
                  expected to be in the following columns:

           1,2:   longitude,  latitude  of  event  (-:  option inter
                  changes order)

           3:     depth of event in kilometers

           4,5,6: strike, dip and rake in degrees

           7:     magnitude

           8,9:   longitude, latitude at which to place  beach  ball.
                  Entries  in these columns are necessary with the -C
                  option. Using 0,0 in columns 8 and 9 will plot  the
                  beach  ball  at  the  longtiude,  latitude given in
                  columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
                  order of columns (1,2) and (8,9).

           10:    Text   string   to  appear  above  the  beach  ball
                  (optional).

           -Scscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
                  Focal mechanisms in Harvard CMT convention.   scale
                  adjusts  the  scaling  of  the radius of the "beach
                  ball", which will be proportional to the magnitude.
                  Scale  is  the size for magnitude = 5 (that is M0 =
                  4.0E23 dynes-cm) in inch (unless c, i, m, or  p  is
                  appended).   Use  the -T option to render the beach
                  ball transparent by drawing only the  nodal  planes
                  and  the  circumference.  The color or shade of the
                  compressive quadrants can be specified with the  -G
                  option.  The  color or shade of the extensive quad
                  rants can be specified with the -E option.  Parame
                  ters are expected to be in the following columns:

           1,2:   longitude,  latitude  of  event  (-:  option inter
                  changes order)

           3:     depth of event in kilometers

           4,5,6: strike, dip, and rake of plane 1

           7,8,9: strike, dip, and rake of plane 2

           10,11: mantissa and exponent of moment in dyne-cm

           12,13: longitude, latitude at which to place  beach  ball.
                  Entries  in these columns are necessary with the -C
                  option. Using (0,0) in columns 11 and 12 will  plot
                  the  beach ball at the longitude, latitude given in
                  columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
                  order of columns (1,2) and (12,13).

           14:    Text   string   to  appear  above  the  beach  ball
                  (optional).

           -Smscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
                  Seismic  moment  tensor  (Harvard  CMT,  with  zero
                  trace).  scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of
                  the "beach ball", which will be proportional to the
                  magnitude.  Scale  is  the  size  for magnitude = 5
                  (that is scalar seismic moment =  4.0E23  dynes-cm)
                  in  inch  (unless c, i, m, or p is appended).  (-T0
                  option overlays best double couple  transparently.)
                  Put  -Sdscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]]  to  plot  the
                  only double couple  part  of  moment  tensor.   Put
                  -Szscale[/fontsize[/offset[u]]] to plot anisotropic
                  part of moment tensor (zero trace).  The  color  or
                  shade of the compressive quadrants can be specified
                  with the -G option.  The  color  or  shade  of  the
                  extensive  quadrants  can  be specified with the -E
                  option.  Parameters are expected to be in the  fol
                  lowing columns

           1,2:   longitude,  latitude  of  event  (-:  option inter
                  changes order)

           3:     depth of event in kilometers

           4,5,6,7,8,9:
                  mrr, mtt, mff, mrt, mrf, mtf in 10*exponent  dynes-
                  cm

           10:    exponent

           11,12: longitude,  latitude  at which to place beach ball.
                  Entries in these columns are necessary with the  -C
                  option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
                  beach ball at  the  longitude,  latitude  given  in
                  columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
                  order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).

           13:    Text  string  to  appear  above  the   beach   ball
                  (optional).

           -Spscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]
                  Focal  mechanisms  given  with partial data on both
                  planes.  scale adjusts the scaling of the radius of
                  the "beach ball"
                       , which will be proportional to the magnitude.
                  Scale is the size for magnitude = 5 in inch (unless
                  c,  i, m, or p is appended).  The color or shade of
                  the compressive quadrants can be specified with the
                  -G  option.  The  color  or  shade of the extensive
                  quadrants can be  specified  with  the  -E  option.
                  Parameters  are  expected  to  be  in the following
                  columns

           1,2:   longitude, latitude  of  event  (-:  option  inter
                  changes order)

           3:     depth of event in kilometers

           4,5:   strike, dip of plane 1

           6:     strike of plane 2

           7:     must be -1/+1 for a normal/inverse fault

           8:     magnitude

           9,10:  longitude,  latitude  at which to place beach ball.
                  Entries in these columns are necessary with the  -C
                  option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
                  beach ball at  the  longitude,  latitude  given  in
                  columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
                  order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).

           11:    Text  string  to  appear  above  the   beach   ball
                  (optional).

           -Sxscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]] Principal axis.
                  scale  adjusts  the  scaling  of  the radius of the
                  "beach ball", which will  be  proportional  to  the
                  magnitude.  Scale  is  the  size  for magnitude = 5
                  (that is seismic scalar moment = 4*10e+23 dynes-cm)
                  in  inch  (unless c, i, m, or p is appended).  (-T0
                  option overlays best double couple  transparently.)
                  Put  -Syscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]  to  plot
                  the only double couple part of moment tensor.   Put
                  -Stscale[c/i][/fontsize[/offset[u]]]  to  plot zero
                  trace moment tensor.  The color  or  shade  of  the
                  compressive  quadrants can be specified with the -G
                  option. The color or shade of the  extensive  quad
                  rants   can   be  specified  with  the  -E  option.
                  Parameters are expected  to  be  in  the  following
                  columns

           1,2:   longitude,  latitude  of  event  (-:  option inter
                  changes order)

           3:     depth of event in kilometers

           4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12:
                  value (in 10*exponent dynes-cm), azimuth, plunge of
                  T, N, P axis.

           13:    exponent

           14,15: longtiude,  latitude  at which to place beach ball.
                  Entries in these columns are necessary with the  -C
                  option. Using 0,0 in columns 9 and 10 will plot the
                  beach ball at  the  longitude,  latitude  given  in
                  columns 1 and 2. The -: option will interchange the
                  order of columns (1,2) and (9,10).

           16:    Text  string  to  appear  above  the   beach   ball
                  (optional).

## OPTIONS

           No  space between the option flag and the associated argu
           ments.

           -B     Sets map boundary tickmark intervals. See psbasemap
                  for details.

           -C[pen][Ppointsize]
                  Offsets focal mechanisms to the longitude, latitude
                  specified in the last two columns of the input file
                  before  the  (optional) text string. A small circle
                  is plotted at the initial location and a line  con
                  nects  the  beachball  to  the  circle. Specify pen
                  and/or Ppointsize to change the line  style  and/or
                  size of the circle. [Defaults: pen width = 1, color
                  = 0/0/0, texture = solid; pointsize 0].

           -D     depmin/depmax Plots events between depmin and  dep
                  max.

           -Efill Selects  filling  of  extensive  quadrants. Usually
                  white.  Set the  shade  (0-255)  or  color  (r/g/b)
                  [Default is 255/255/255].

           -Gfill Selects filling of focal mechanisms. By convention,
                  the compressional quadrants of the focal  mechanism
                  beach  balls  are  shaded. Set the shade (0-255) or
                  color (r/g/b) [Default is 0/0/0].

           -H     Input  file(s)  has  Header  record(s).  Number  of
                  header records can be changed by editing your .gmt
                  defaults file. If used, GMT  default  is  1  header
                  record.

           -K     More   PostScript   code  will  be  appended  later
                  [Default terminates the plot system].

           -L[pen]
                  Draws the "beach ball" outline with pen attributes.
                  [Defaults  width  =  1,  color  =  0/0/0, texture =
                  solid].

           -N     Does NOT  skip  symbols  that  fall  outside  frame
                  boundary  specified  by  -R  [Default plots symbols
                  inside frame only].

           -O     Selects Overlay plot mode  [Default  initializes  a
                  new plot system].

           -P     Selects  Portrait  plotting  mode  [GMT  Default is
                  Landscape, see gmtdefaults to change this].

           -T[num_of_planes]
                  Plots the nodal  planes  and  outlines  the  bubble
                  which is transparent.  If num_of_planes is
                        0: both nodal planes are plotted;
                        1: only the first nodal plane is plotted;
                        2: only the second nodal plane is plotted.

           -U     Draw Unix System time stamp on plot. User may spec
                  ify where the lower left corner of the stamp should
                  fall  on  the page relative to lower left corner of
                  plot. Optionally, append a label, or c (which  will
                  plot  the  command  string.).  The  GMT  parameters
                  UNIX_TIME and UNIX_TIME_POS can affect the  appear
                  ance; see the gmtdefaults man page for details.

           -V     Selects  verbose  mode,  which  will  send progress
                  reports to stderr [Default runs "silently"].

           -W     Set default pen attributes.
                   [Defaults: width = 1, color  =  0/0/0,  texture  =
                  solid].

           -X -Y  Shift origin of plot by (x-shift,y-shift).  Prepend
                  a for absolute coordinates; the  default  (r)  will
                  reset plot origin.

           -Zcptfile
                  Give  a color palette file and let compressive part
                  color be determined by the  z-value  in  the  third
                  column.

           -z     Overlay zero trace moment tensor.

           -a[size/[P_axis_symbol/[T_axis_symbol]]]
                  Computes  and  plots  P  and  T  axes with symbols.
                  Optionally specify size and (separate) P and T axis
                  symbols  from  the  following: (c) circle, (d) dia
                  mond, (h) hexagon, (i) inverse triangle,  (p)point,
                  (s)  square,  (t)  triangle,  (x) cross. [Defaults:
                  0.2c/c/c or 0.08i/c/c.]

           -efill Selects filling of T axis symbol.   Set  the  shade
                  (0-255) or color (r/g/b). Default is white.

           -gfill Selects  filling  of  P axis symbol.  Set the shade
                  (0-255) or color (r/g/b). Default black.

           -o     Use the psvelomeca input format  without  depth  in
                  the third column.

           -p[pen]
                  Draws  the  P  axis  outline using default pen (see
                  -W), or sets pen attributes.

           -t[pen]
                  Draws the T axis outline  using  default  pen  (see
                  -W), or sets pen attributes.

           -:     Toggles  between  (longitude,latitude)  and  (lati
                  tude,longitude) input/output. [Default  is  (longi
                  tude,latitude)].  Applies to geographic coordinates
                  only.

           -c     Specifies the number of plot copies. [Default is 1]

## EXAMPLES

           The following file should give a normal-faulting CMT mech
           anism:
           psmeca << END -R239/240/34/35.2 -Jm4  .br  -Sc0.4  -H1  >!
           test.ps
           lon lat depth str dip slip st dip slip mant exp plon plat
           239.384 34.556 12. 180 18 -88 0 72 -90 5.5 0 0 0
           END

## SEE ALSO

           gmt(l), psbasemap(l) psxy(l)

## REFERENCES

           Bomford,  G.,  Geodesy,  4th ed., Oxford University Press,
           1980.
           Aki, K. and P. Richards, Quantitative Seismology, Freeman,
           1980.
           F.  A.  Dahlen  and  Jeoren  Trom, Theoretical Seismology,
           Princeton, 1998, p.167.
           Cliff  Frohlich,  Cliff'Nodes  Concerning  Plotting  Nodal
           Lines for P, Sh and Sv'
           Seismological  Research Letters, Volume 67, Number 1, Jan
           uary-February, 1996
           Thorne Lay, Terry C. Wallace,  Modern  Global  Seismology,
           Academic Press, 1995, p.384.
           W.H.  Press,  S.A.  Teukolsky, W.T. Vetterling, B.P. Flan
           nery, Numerical Recipes in
            C, Cambridge University press (routine jacobi)

## AUTHORS

           Genevieve Patau
           CNRS UMR 7580
           Seismology Dept.
           Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris
           (patau@.ipgp.jussieu.fr)

                                1 Feb 2002                  PSMECA(l)