# -*- Mode: Python; tab-width: 4 -*-
#	$Id: asynchat.py 299 2005-06-09 17:32:28Z heikki $
#	Author: Sam Rushing <rushing@nightmare.com>

# ======================================================================
# Copyright 1996 by Sam Rushing
# 
#                         All Rights Reserved
# 
# Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
# its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
# granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
# copies and that both that copyright notice and this permission
# notice appear in supporting documentation, and that the name of Sam
# Rushing not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
# distribution of the software without specific, written prior
# permission.
# 
# SAM RUSHING DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
# INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN
# NO EVENT SHALL SAM RUSHING BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR
# CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS
# OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT,
# NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN
# CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.
# ======================================================================

"""A class supporting chat-style (command/response) protocols.

This class adds support for 'chat' style protocols - where one side
sends a 'command', and the other sends a response (examples would be
the common internet protocols - smtp, nntp, ftp, etc..).

The handle_read() method looks at the input stream for the current
'terminator' (usually '\r\n' for single-line responses, '\r\n.\r\n'
for multi-line output), calling self.found_terminator() on its
receipt.

for example:
Say you build an async nntp client using this class.  At the start
of the connection, you'll have self.terminator set to '\r\n', in
order to process the single-line greeting.  Just before issuing a
'LIST' command you'll set it to '\r\n.\r\n'.  The output of the LIST
command will be accumulated (using your own 'collect_incoming_data'
method) up to the terminator, and then control will be returned to
you - by calling your self.found_terminator() method.
"""

import socket
import asyncore
import string

class async_chat (asyncore.dispatcher):
	"""This is an abstract class.  You must derive from this class, and add
	the two methods collect_incoming_data() and found_terminator()"""

	# these are overridable defaults

	ac_in_buffer_size	= 4096
	ac_out_buffer_size	= 4096

	def __init__ (self, conn=None):
		self.ac_in_buffer = ''
		self.ac_out_buffer = ''
		self.producer_fifo = fifo()
		asyncore.dispatcher.__init__ (self, conn)

	def set_terminator (self, term):
		"Set the input delimiter.  Can be a fixed string of any length, an integer, or None"
		self.terminator = term

	def get_terminator (self):
		return self.terminator

	# grab some more data from the socket,
	# throw it to the collector method,
	# check for the terminator,
	# if found, transition to the next state.

	def handle_read (self):

		try:
			data = self.recv (self.ac_in_buffer_size)
		except socket.error, why:
			self.handle_error()
			return

		self.ac_in_buffer = self.ac_in_buffer + data

		# Continue to search for self.terminator in self.ac_in_buffer,
		# while calling self.collect_incoming_data.  The while loop
		# is necessary because we might read several data+terminator
		# combos with a single recv(1024).

		while self.ac_in_buffer:
			lb = len(self.ac_in_buffer)
			terminator = self.get_terminator()
			if terminator is None:
				# no terminator, collect it all
				self.collect_incoming_data (self.ac_in_buffer)
				self.ac_in_buffer = ''
			elif type(terminator) == type(0):
				# numeric terminator
				n = terminator
				if lb < n:
					self.collect_incoming_data (self.ac_in_buffer)
					self.ac_in_buffer = ''
					self.terminator = self.terminator - lb
				else:
					self.collect_incoming_data (self.ac_in_buffer[:n])
					self.ac_in_buffer = self.ac_in_buffer[n:]
					self.terminator = 0
					self.found_terminator()
			else:
				# 3 cases:
				# 1) end of buffer matches terminator exactly:
				#    collect data, transition
				# 2) end of buffer matches some prefix:
				#    collect data to the prefix
				# 3) end of buffer does not match any prefix:
				#    collect data
				terminator_len = len(terminator)
				index = string.find (self.ac_in_buffer, terminator)
				if index != -1:
					# we found the terminator
					if index > 0:
						# don't bother reporting the empty string (source of subtle bugs)
						self.collect_incoming_data (self.ac_in_buffer[:index])
					self.ac_in_buffer = self.ac_in_buffer[index+terminator_len:]
					# This does the Right Thing if the terminator is changed here.
					self.found_terminator()
				else:
					# check for a prefix of the terminator
					index = find_prefix_at_end (self.ac_in_buffer, terminator)
					if index:
						if index != lb:
							# we found a prefix, collect up to the prefix
							self.collect_incoming_data (self.ac_in_buffer[:-index])
							self.ac_in_buffer = self.ac_in_buffer[-index:]
						break
					else:
						# no prefix, collect it all
						self.collect_incoming_data (self.ac_in_buffer)
						self.ac_in_buffer = ''

	def handle_write (self):
		self.initiate_send ()
		
	def handle_close (self):
		self.close()

	def push (self, data):
		self.producer_fifo.push (simple_producer (data))
		self.initiate_send()

	def push_with_producer (self, producer):
		self.producer_fifo.push (producer)
		self.initiate_send()

	def readable (self):
		"predicate for inclusion in the readable for select()"
		return (len(self.ac_in_buffer) <= self.ac_in_buffer_size)

	def writable (self):
		"predicate for inclusion in the writable for select()"
		# return len(self.ac_out_buffer) or len(self.producer_fifo) or (not self.connected)
		# this is about twice as fast, though not as clear.
		return not (
			(self.ac_out_buffer is '') and
			self.producer_fifo.is_empty() and
			self.connected
			)

	def close_when_done (self):
		"automatically close this channel once the outgoing queue is empty"
		self.producer_fifo.push (None)

	# refill the outgoing buffer by calling the more() method
	# of the first producer in the queue
	def refill_buffer (self):
		_string_type = type('')
		while 1:
			if len(self.producer_fifo):
				p = self.producer_fifo.first()
				# a 'None' in the producer fifo is a sentinel,
				# telling us to close the channel.
				if p is None:
					if not self.ac_out_buffer:
						self.producer_fifo.pop()
						self.close()
					return
				elif type(p) is _string_type:
					self.producer_fifo.pop()
					self.ac_out_buffer = self.ac_out_buffer + p
					return
				data = p.more()
				if data:
					self.ac_out_buffer = self.ac_out_buffer + data
					return
				else:
					self.producer_fifo.pop()
			else:
				return

	def initiate_send (self):
		obs = self.ac_out_buffer_size
		# try to refill the buffer
		if (len (self.ac_out_buffer) < obs):
			self.refill_buffer()

		if self.ac_out_buffer and self.connected:
			# try to send the buffer
			try:
				num_sent = self.send (self.ac_out_buffer[:obs])
				if num_sent:
					self.ac_out_buffer = self.ac_out_buffer[num_sent:]

			except socket.error, why:
				self.handle_error()
				return

	def discard_buffers (self):
		# Emergencies only!
		self.ac_in_buffer = ''
		self.ac_out_buffer = ''
		while self.producer_fifo:
			self.producer_fifo.pop()


class simple_producer:

	def __init__ (self, data, buffer_size=512):
		self.data = data
		self.buffer_size = buffer_size

	def more (self):
		if len (self.data) > self.buffer_size:
			result = self.data[:self.buffer_size]
			self.data = self.data[self.buffer_size:]
			return result
		else:
			result = self.data
			self.data = ''
			return result

class fifo:
	def __init__ (self, list=None):
		if not list:
			self.list = []
		else:
			self.list = list
		
	def __len__ (self):
		return len(self.list)

	def is_empty (self):
		return self.list == []

	def first (self):
		return self.list[0]

	def push (self, data):
		self.list.append (data)

	def pop (self):
		if self.list:
			result = self.list[0]
			del self.list[0]
			return (1, result)
		else:
			return (0, None)

# Given 'haystack', see if any prefix of 'needle' is at its end.  This
# assumes an exact match has already been checked.  Return the number of
# characters matched.
# for example:
# f_p_a_e ("qwerty\r", "\r\n") => 1
# f_p_a_e ("qwertydkjf", "\r\n") => 0
# f_p_a_e ("qwerty\r\n", "\r\n") => <undefined>

# this could maybe be made faster with a computed regex?
# [answer: no; circa Python-2.0, Jan 2001]
# new python:   28961/s
# old python:   18307/s
# re:           12820/s
# regex:        14035/s

def find_prefix_at_end (haystack, needle):
	l = len(needle) - 1
	while l and not haystack.endswith(needle[:l]):
		l -= 1
	return l
