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	mined help topic 'introduction'
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                    mined 2000 release 14

Introduction
------------

Mined is a powerful text editor with a comprehensive and easy-to-use 
user interface and fast, small-footprint behaviour.

It was the first editor that provided Unicode support in a 
plain-text terminal.
It now has both extensive Unicode and CJK support offering many 
specific features and covering special cases that other editors 
are not aware of (like auto-detection features and automatic handling 
of terminal variations, or CJK character information).
And basically, it is an editor tailored to efficient editing 
of plain text documents and programs, with features and interactive 
behaviour designed for this purpose.

Mined has an intuitive, simple way of operation. No modes.
Cursor positioning basic editing is intuitive, character-oriented, 
and without weird limitations at line-end, no insert/append confusion.

Editing support includes
* paragraph adjustment (line/word wrap)
* identifier and function definition search (also across files)
* HTML support
* smart quotes (typographic quote mark replacement, with automatic style)
* versatile character input support features
* combined character support
* search and replacement patterns may include new-lines
* cross-session paste buffer (copy/paste between multiple invocations)
* multiple paste buffers (emacs-style)
* handling of different line-end kinds with distinguished indications
* binary transparency

Mined offers security against file handling mistakes. It will not accidently 
overwrite a file that has not explicitly been opened for editing before 
without prompting. It will not exit from a changed text without saving 
or explicit confirmation.
All file handling errors are reported clearly.

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	end mined help topic 'introduction'
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	mined help topic 'keyboard'
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Control keys
------------
  Control key layout for basic movement functions is topographic on 
  the left-hand side of the keyboard (an idea originating from early 
  editors and also known as "WordStar mode").
  With control keys, the important movement and editing functions are 
  always available even in unconfigured terminal environments.

HOP key
-------
  As a "key concept", the HOP key, used as a prefix key, amplifies the 
  effect of screen movement commands "just as you would expect". It 
  also works on many other commands to provide an important variation 
  of the command. This way, a richer set of commands is available 
  without having to remember too many keys. The HOP prefix function is 
  triggered by any of a number of keys, some sharing this function 
  with their own function; e.g. ^Q, ^L, ^G, ESC, the middle keypad key 
  ("5"). (The function is similar to the ^Q prefix of ancient WordStar.)

Keypad assignment
-----------------
The two cursor block keypads of typical keyboards are assigned the most 
important movement and copy/paste functions as follows:
          +------+------+------+     +------+------+------+
          | Ins  | Home | PgUp |     |7 Home|8 ^   |9 PgUp|
          |Paste |LinBeg|      |     | Mark |  |   |      |
          +------+------+------+     +------+------+------+
          | Del  | End  | PgDn |     |4 <-  |5     |6 ->  |
          |Delete|LinEnd|      |     |      | HOP  |      |
          +------+------+------+     +------+------+------+
                                     |1 End |2 |   |3 PgDn|
                                     | Copy |  v   |      |
                                     +------+------+------+
                                     |0 Ins        |. Del |
                                     | Paste       | Cut  |
                                     +------+------+------+

If the keyboard is properly configured (see mined manual for details), 
the major keys work as follows:

Right keypad:
Home sets a mark for the text region to be selected.
End performs a Copy to the paste buffer.
Delete performs a Cut to the paste buffer.

Small keypad:
Home moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
End moves the cursor to the end of the current line.
Delete deletes the next character only in some environment configurations.

Alternate key assignments:
The Alt key modifies the Delete, Home and End keys to perform the 
respective other function than the plain key.

The command line option -k reverses the above mentioned key function 
assignments of the "Home", "End", and "Delete" keys of the two keypads, 
including the Alt reversals.


Both keypads:
Shift-Home sets a mark for the text region to be selected.
Shift-End performs a Copy to the paste buffer.
Shift-Delete performs a Cut to the paste buffer.
Control-Home moves the cursor to the beginning of the current line.
Control-End moves the cursor to the end of the current line.
Control-Delete deletes the next character.
Insert pastes the contents of the buffer to the current cursor position.
HOP-Insert pastes the most recent paste buffer from any instance of mined.

These key function assignments are not affected by the -k option.


The HOP prefix modifies the keypad functions as follows:
HOP-Cursor Up/Down moves to top/bottom of screen.
HOP-Cursor Left/Right moves to beginning/end of line.
HOP-Page Up/Down moves to beginning/end of edited text.
HOP-Home moves the cursor to the marked position.
HOP-End appends to the buffer.
HOP-Delete cuts and appends to the buffer.
HOP-Insert pastes the inter-session buffer.
           The inter-session buffer always contains the last copied 
           buffer by any instance of mined and remains available after 
           mined exits; so you can quickly copy and paste text between 
           two different editing sessions running mined.
           See the mined manual for further configuration hints.


Note on keypad standard assignments (Del key, Home/End keys)
-----------------------------------
Many people expect the "Home" and "End" keys to move the cursor to 
the beginning or end of line, respectively, and the "Del" key to 
delete the next character.
In the keyboard usage approach of mined, this is a waste of 
keyboard resources as these functions can easily and quite 
intuitively be invoked with "HOP left" and "HOP right", i.e. by 
pressing the keypad keys "5 4" or "5 6" in sequence, and all these 
keys are available twice on typical keyboards.

So there is enough room left for mapping the most frequent paste-buffer 
functions to the keypad as described above which is considered much 
more useful.
Use Alt-Delete to delete the next character (unless using the -k option).


Input methods (Keyboard mapping)
--------------------------------
In UTF-8 or CJK text encoding, the keyboard can be mapped to support 
various scripts from a generic keyboard, including East Asian input 
methods. Select a script from the keyboard mapping menu (right-click 
on the "--" indication in the flags area, or ESC K / Alt-K / Control-F12).
Input characters or short sequences of input characters will then be 
transformed according to the selected keyboard mapping table.
Some mapping tables contain ambiguous prefixes of mapped sequences; 
in order to support this, a small delay may occur until a mapping is 
applied.
In some mapping tables, certain mappings yield multi-character sequences.
Also, certain ambiguous mappings exist that yield a multiple choice; 
it is presented in a selection menu (also known as "pick list") from 
which the desired character can be chosen by mouse click or with 
cursor keys (up / down or space / in the row, select character by 
entering its index 1-9 or 0).

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	end mined help topic 'keyboard'
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	mined help topic 'function-keys'
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Function key assignments
------------------------
(only the most important assignments listed here)

F1	help
Control/Shift/Alt-F1 or F1 F1 displays a quick Fn help reference
HOP Control/Shift/Alt/F1-F1 toggles a permament Fn help reference
F2	save (write current file, 
		confirm if file exists and file name or directory was changed)
Alt-F2	save as ... (write to a different file, prompt for name)
F3	load and edit (edit other file, ask if current file should be saved)
Control-F3	load and view (edit other file read-only)
Alt-F3	cycle word casing (small/titling/all caps)
F4	insert (paste other file)
F5		diaeresis accent prefix key
 Ctrl-F5:	ring/cedilla
 Shift-F5:	tilde
 Alt-F5:	stroke
 Ctrl-Shift-F5:	ogonek
 Alt-Shift-F5:	breve
F6		acute accent prefix
 Ctrl-F6:	circumflex
 Shift-F6:	grave
 Alt-F6:	caron
 Ctrl-Shift-F6:	macron
 Alt-Shift-F6:	dot above
F7		search
F8		search
Alt-F8		search backwards
Shift-F8	search and replace
Control-F8	search and replace interactively (with confirmation)
F9		search again (repeat last search pattern)
Alt-F9		search last pattern in other direction
Shift-F9	search for current identifier
F10		open pull-down menu
F11		toggle character case (upper <-> lower)
Shift-F11	toggle word case
   Alt-F3	cycle word casing (small/titling/all caps)
Control-F11	transform character mnemonic from text
Alt-F11		convert to current encoding and search for next wrong code
F12		set up directory for automatic remembering of file positions

Paste buffer functions are assigned to the keypad; see help on "keyboard".

Alternate key functions and menu open key functions
---------------------------------------------------
(invoked with ESC <key> or Alt-<key> if configured; see Xdefaults.mined)

Alt-blank	open pop-up menu
Alt-f		open File menu
Alt-e		open Edit menu
Alt-s		open Search menu
Alt-p		open Paragraph menu
Alt-o		open Options menu
Alt-I / Alt-K	open Input Method menu
Alt-Q		open Smart Quotes style menu
Alt-E		open Encoding menu
F10		open File menu
Shift-F10	open pop-up menu
Alt-F10		open Info menu
Alt-h		help
Alt-shift-h	open/close HTML tag
   with HOP:	embed copy area in HTML tag

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	end mined help topic 'function-keys'
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	mined help topic 'menu'
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Menus and mouse functions
-------------------------

Mined provides pull-down menus listed on the top screen line, flag menus 
for special selections, and a pop-up ("quick") menu.

Both keyboard operation and mouse operation is possible.

Keyboard operation:
Pull-down menus are opened with ESC-f (for File menu) etc, or 
Alt-f etc if enabled by your xterm configuration 
(see sample file Xdefaults.mined for advice).
Use the cursor keys to change menu or select items, use Enter/Return 
to invoke the selected item, use blank or any hop key to toggle the 
HOP function modifier on the menu items (display changes where applicable).

Mouse operation:
Right click in text area to open pop-up menu.
Click on menu title to open/change/close pull-down menu.
Clicking middle button toggles HOP function.
Click on menu item to invoke it, or drag to menu item and release.
Right click on flag indications to open flag menus.

Other mouse functions:
Click left button on text area to set cursor.
Click middle button on text area to display text/file status.

Scrollbar mouse functions:
(The scrollbar indicates position of screen within text.)
Click left to scroll one page down.
Click right to scroll one page up.
Click middle button to position absolutely.

Flags
-----
In the right-most part of the menu title line, some flag indications 
are displayed. Left-click toggles their options or cycles through them. 
Right-click opens a flag menu with all available options, indicating 
the selected option(s). Some flags are only shown in Unicode/CJK mode.

?	Info display for file, character code, or Han character information.

--/...	Input Method (keyboard mapping) indicated by language tag.

""/...	Quotes style to use for smart quotes, which means automatic 
	substitution of entered straight (ASCII) double or single quotes 
	by typographical quotation marks.

U8/...	Text Encoding interpretation and display.
	Note: This does not affect the contents of the edited text.
c,/`	Combined/Separated display of combining characters.

h/H	HOP function active indication.

E/V	Edit/View only mode of text being edited.
=/+	Replace/Append paste buffer mode for Copy or Cut functions.
	- cyan background: Unicode paste buffer mode.

>>/|	Auto-indentation enabled/disabled.
j/j/J	Manual/semi-automatic/automatic paragraph justification.
 /<<	Non-Blank termination/Empty line termination mode of paragraph end.

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	mined help topic 'commands'
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For a full description of mined commands see the manual page.
Mined commands are either mapped to control keys, function keys, 
or sequences starting with the ESCape key.
Apart from cursor movement (see help on "keyboard"), the most important 
commands are:

^] or ^@ or ESC @	Set mark (to remember the current location).
			(With HOP it moves to the remembered location.)
^Y		Copy text between mark and cursor into paste buffer.
^U		Cut (move) text between mark and cursor into paste buffer.
^P		Paste contents of paste buffer to current position.
		(With HOP it pastes inter-window buffer, from other mined).
ESC b		Copy contents of buffer into a file. (Appends with HOP.)
ESC i or F4	Insert file at current cursor position.

^G or ESC g	Goto (various options, also used as HOP key).
ESC / or F8	Search. (ESC \ searches backwards.)
ESC ,		Search and replace.
ESC r		Search and replace with confirmation.
ESC R		Search and replace on current line.
ESC ESC		Save file (if needed) and exit.
ESC q		Quit, don't save (confirm if text modified).
ESC h or F1	Help.

Paragraph justification (word-wrap)
-----------------------------------
ESC <		Set left margin for justification.
ESC ;		Set left margin of first line of paragraph only.
ESC :		Set left margin of next lines of paragraph only.
ESC >		Set right margin for justification.
ESC j		Justify (word-wrap) paragraph.

Character input support
-----------------------
^V for various kinds of special character input:
^V control-char      enter the control character.
^V [, \, ], ^^, __   enter the corresponding control character.
^V <accent> <char>   enter an accented character composed accordingly.
^V # xxxx            enter character with hexadecimal value
^V # # xxxxxx        enter character with octal value
^V # = xxxxx         enter character with decimal value
^V # U ... xxxx      enter character with hex (oct/dec) Unicode value
^V <space> <name> <space> , or:
^V <char> <char>     enter character by mnemonic character name;
                     recognised mnemonics are those of RFC 1345, HTML, 
                     TeX, and supplementary mnemonics
Examples:
	"^Vae" enters the "ae" ligature
	"^V'e" enters e with accent d'aigu
	"^V ae' " enters the Latin ligature ae with acute accent
	"^V-," or "^V neg " enters the negation symbol
	"^Va*" or "^V a* " enters the Greek small letter alpha
	"^V euro " enters the Euro character
	"^V#20ac" enters the hex character value 20AC (in current encoding)
	"^V#U20ac" enters the character with Unicode value 20AC (the Euro)
If numeric input is followed by a Space, numeric input continues for 
further characters; terminate with Return/Enter.

Accented character input support
--------------------------------
Accent prefix keys can precede a character to be compose into an 
accented letter; multiple accent prefix keys can be combined.
F5		diaeresis (umlaut) / dialytika
 Ctrl-F5	ring / cedilla / iota (ypogegrammeni)
 Shift-F5	tilde / perispomeni
 Alt-F5		stroke
 Ctrl-Shift-F5	ogonek / prosgegrammeni
 Alt-Shift-F5	breve / vrachy
F6		acute / tonos
 Ctrl-F6	circumflex / oxia
 Shift-F6	grave / varia
 Alt-F6		caron / psili
 Ctrl-Shift-F6	macron / descender
 Alt-Shift-F6	dot above / dasia
Alt-/Control-1	for full listing of modified digit key accent functions, 
		see manual
Control-,	for full listing of modified punctuation key accent 
		functions, see manual


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	end mined help topic 'commands'
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