See also http://www.dvdrhelp.com/glossary.

APS
     Access Point Sector

CBR
     Constant Bit Rate. Used in MPEG-1's.

CD
     Compact Disc

CD-DA
     Compact Disc Digital Audio, described in the ``Red Book'' or ICE 908. This commonly referred to as an audio CD and what most people think of when you play a CD as it was the first to use the CD medium.

CD-ROM
     Compact Disc Read Only Memory or ``Yellow Book'' describe in Standards ISO/IEC 10149. The data stored on it can be either in the form of audio, computer or video files.

CD-ROM Mode 1 and Mode2

     The Yellow Book specifies two types of tracks, Mode 1 and Mode 2. Mode 1 is used for computer data and text and has an extra error correction layer. Mode 2 is for audio and video data and has no extra correction layer. CD-ROM/XA An expansion of the CD-ROM Mode 2 format that allows both computer and audio/video to be mixed in the same track.

CD XA
     CD-ROM EXtended Architecture. A modification to the CD-ROM specification that defines two new types of sectors.  CD-ROM XA was developed jointly by Sony, Philips, and Microsoft, and announced in August 1988. Its specifications were published in an extension to the Yellow Book.  CD-i, Photo CD, Video CD and CD-EXTRA have all subsequently been based on CD-ROM XA.

     CD-XA defines another way of formatting sectors on a CD-ROM, including headers in the sectors that describe the type (audio, video, data) and some additional info (markers, resolution in case of a video or audio sector, file numbers, etc).

     The data written on a CD-XA is consistent with and can be in ISO-9660 file system format and therefore be readable by ISO-9660 file system translators. But also a CD-I player can also read CD-XA discs even if its own `Green Book' file system only resembles ISO 9660 and isn't fully compatible.

CVD
     Chaoji VCD or China Video Disc

     http://www.dvdrhelp.com/forum/userguides/98177.php

DVD
     Digital Versatile Disc  http://www.dvddemystified.com/dvdfaq.html

DVD-V
     DVD for Video.

DVD-A
     DVD for Audio.

Entry Point
     A starting point within an MPEG track including the beginning of the track.  Video CD's can have multiple entry points inside a track. Logically this corresponds to a ``Chapter'' or ``Scene'' of a larger uninterruptable unit.

     One might think a CD MPEG ``track'' could serve this purpose with a collection of tracks making up a work or movie. Alas, the CD specification requires a ``track pregap'' space of 150 sectors before a track. These often appear as a time gaps when hardware players go between tracks; this doesn't happen switching between entries in a track because there in fact is no gap.

     Physically on the CD an entry is stored as an INDEX inside a track.

FourCC

     A four character code that uniquely identifies a data stream format. Software will look up the FourCC code then look for the codec associated to the code for that code.  This idea was used in the IFF multimedia format developed by Electronic Arts for the Amiga in the early 1980s. This file format was copied by Apple (who called it AIFF) and Microsoft (RIFF).  http://www.fourcc.org/fcccodec.htm

FSF
     Free Software Foundation, http://www.fsf.org/

GNU
     GNU is not UNIX, http://www.gnu.org/

LOT
     List ID Offset Table.

MPEG
     Movie Picture Experts Group http://mpeg.telecomitalialab.com. Two sub formats used by Video CD's are MPEG-1 for VCD 1.0, 1.1 and 2.0 and MPEG-2. For SVCD, and HQVCD.

NTSC
     National Television Standards Committee. The NTSC is responsible for setting television and video standards in the United.  States

OGT
     Overlay Graphics & Text. A subtitle format devised by Philips. The format has subtitle meta-information before an interleaved bitmap of 4 palette entries. Palette color 0 entries can be run-length encoded.

     A more detailed description of this format can be found in the documentation directory of VCDimager.

LBA

     Logical Block Addressing. Mapped integer numbers from CD Red Book Addressing MSF.  The starting sector is -150 and ending sector is 449849, which correlates directly to MSF: 00:00:00 to 99:59:74. Because an LBA is a single number it is often easier to work with in programming than an MSF.

LID
     List ID. A unit of playback control navigation inside a PSD. Numbering starts from 1.

LSN

     Logical Sector Number. Mapped integer numbers from CD Red Book Addressing MSF.  The starting sector is 0 and ending sector is 449699, which correlates to MSF: 00:00:00 to 99:59:74.  Because an LSN is a single number it is often easier to work with in programming than an MSF. Because it starts at 0 rather than -150 as is the case of an LBA it can be represented as an unsigned value.

PAL
     Phase Alternating Line, the dominant television standard in Europe.

PEM
     Program End Marker.

PBC
     Play-back Control.

PSD
     Play Sequence Descriptor. A section of a Video CD related to playback control. Also the individual units inside that section. We start numbering from 0.  See also LID.

PVD
     Primary Volume Descriptor. A section of a Video CD.

RIFF
     Resource Interchange File Format. A way to tag multimedia files developed by Microsoft. Inside a RIFF is a 4-letter character code (which fits nicely in a 32-bit word) for each type of object called FOURCC. This idea was taken Electronic Arts which used in Amigia's IFF (Interchange File Format) and copied by Apple in their AIFF.

SIF
     Source Interchange Format. A video resolution standard.

SPI
     Segment Play Items.

SVCD
     Super VCD http://www.dvdrhelp.com/svcd

VBR
     Variable Bit Rate. Used in MPEG-2's

Track

     A unit of data of a CD. The size of a track can vary; it can occupy the entire contents of the CD. Most CD standards however require that tracks have a 150 frame (or ``2 second'') lead-in gap.

VCD
     Video CD http://www.dvdrhelp.com/vcd

XA
     See CD XA

XML
     eXtensible Markup Language, http://www.w3.org/XML/.

XSVCD
     eXtended SVCD, http://www.dvdrhelp.com/xvcd.htm.

XVCD
     eXtended VCD, http://www.dvdrhelp.com/xvcd.htm.